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Mechanisms underlying the effects of the microbiota on helminth infections. Commensal bacteria can favor the establishment of helminth infections or enhance worm expulsion through different mechanisms. In addition, the helminth gut is colonized by bacteria from the host microbiota, from which it forms its own. DC, dendritic cell; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; TCR, T cell receptor; Th2, type 2 helper T cell; Treg, T regulatory cell.
