Table 2.

Anti-inflammatory therapies specifically blocking cytokines pathways.

Drug	Trial	Anti-Inflammatory Effect	Sample Size	Study Patients	Primary End Point	Outcome	Adverse Effects
Canakinumab	CANTOS [192]	interleukin-1β Inhibition	10,061	previous MI	non-fatal MI non-fatal stroke, CV death	reduced hsCRP, IL-6 −17% in primary end points	higher incidence of fatal infections
Methotrexate	CIRT [194]	Replication inhibition of B cells, T cells neutrophils, monocytes	4786	previous MI and T2 diabetes metabolic syndrome	non-fatal MI non-fatal stroke CV death	no change in hsCRP, IL-6, IL-1β no reduction in primary end points	increased liver enzymes reduced leukocytes
Colchicine	COLCOT [198]	inhibition of microtubule polymerization reduced IL-1β, IL-6	4745	1 month after MI	CV death, MI stroke	−23% in primary endpoints	diarrhoea, pneumonia
	LoDoCo2 [201]		5522			−31% in primary endpoints	increased death from non-CV causes