Table 3.

Bioavailability of sprouts against different diseases.

Vegetable Sprout Types	Study Design	Disease	Recovery	References
Cruciferous	Human (male and female)	Cancer	Cruciferous vegetables reduce the risk of cancer by decreasing the damage to DNA	[91]
Broccoli	--	--	The biological properties of broccoli are antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic activities	[92]
Broccoli	Mice and rats	Alleviate pain	The broccoli sprouts have ability in pain therapy	[36]
Red cabbage, broccoli, Galega kale and Penca cabbage	,--	--	Different vegetables sprouts have antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties	[93]
Broccoli	Human	Cancer	Broccoli may reduce the risk of cancer by managing metabolism	[94]
Broccoli	Mice	Prostate tumorigenesis	Broccoli sprouts have significant inhibitory effects on prostate tumorigenesis.	[95]
Alfalfa	Mice	Inflammation	The study suggests that alfalfa supplementation can suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines and alleviate acute inflammatory hazards.	[96]
Brussels	--	Cancer	Brussels sprouts have cancer preventive effects which may be due to a reduction in oxidative DNA damage	[97]
Spinach, kale, Brussels sprouts, mustard greens, green bell peppers, cabbage, and collards	Human	Binding of bile acids	The results show equal health-promoting potential of spinach, kale, brussels sprouts, mustard greens, green bell peppers, and collards, as indicated by their bile acid binding on dry matter basis	[98]
Brussels	Human	--	The results show that compounds in cooked and autolysed brussels sprouts can enhance lymphocyte resistance towards H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks in vitro	[99]
Radish, broccoli, leek, and beetroot	In vitro	Diabetic, obesity and cholinergic	Different vegetable sprouts can be used daily as superfoods or functional food	[33]
Turnip, cauliflower, and mustard	In vitro	Cancer	In vitro antiproliferative study supports that sprouts are a good source of anticancer agents	[100]
Broccoli	In vitro	Cancer	In vitro study indicates that broccoli sprouts can reduce prostate cancer	[101]