Table 2.
Clinical data and laboratory parameters.
| Exploration (n = 26) Group 1 |
Detorsion (n = 19) Group 2 |
Orchiectomy (n = 4) Group 3 |
Total (n = 49) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD a | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Medical History | Age at surgery (years) | 21 | 7.42 | 18 | 4.24 | 15.5 | 8.54 | 19 | 6.46 |
| Age at control (years) | 28 | 6.54 | 27 | 5.28 | 32.5 | 6.66 | 28 | 5.98 | |
| Time from the onset of symptoms to surgery (hours) |
8 | 11.93 | 3 | 1.71 | 50 | 37.9 | 5 | 15.34 | |
| Follow-up (months) | 83 | 66.25 | 106.5 | 66.6 | 137.5 | 98.83 | 101 | 69.08 | |
| Height of patients (meter) | 1.8 | 0.08 | 1.8 | 0.07 | 1.79 | 0.08 | 1.8 | 0.08 | |
| Weight of patients (kg) | 75 | 16.5 | 79 | 20.15 | 82 | 18.12 | 77.5 | 17.92 | |
| BMI b (kg/m2) | 24.02 | 4.52 | 23.41 | 6.36 | 25.64 | 8.65 | 23.42 | 5.64 | |
| IIEF-5 c | 25 | 3.95 | 24 | 1.58 | 25 | 3.46 | 24.5 | 3.17 | |
| Size of the affected testicle (mL) | 18 | 4.26 | 20 | 3.33 | n.a. | n.a. | 20 | 3.91 | |
| Size of the unaffected testicle (mL) | 20 | 4.51 | 20 | 4.09 | 16.5 | 3.5 | 20 | 4.29 | |
| Grade of torsion (°) | 0 | 0 | 360 | 207.04 | 540 | 236.7 | 0 | 241.61 | |
| Fitness scale from 1 to 5 (the best is 5) | 4 | 0.94 | 4 | 0.74 | 4.5 | 0.96 | 4 | 0.86 | |
| Laboratory parameters | FSH d (mU/mL) | 4.3 | 3.01 | 2.7 | 2.57 | 10.6 | 2.83 | 3.7 | 3.31 |
| LH e (mU/mL) | 4.7 | 2.07 | 4.2 | 2.13 | 7.6 | 2.12 | 4.8 | 2.17 | |
| Testosterone (ng/mL) | 5.29 | 1.45 | 4.47 | 1.82 | 3.89 | 0.56 | 5.08 | 1.6 | |
| Free testosterone (pg/mL) | 14.85 | 4.57 | 14.95 | 4.07 | 11.21 | 3.01 | 14.68 | 4.4 | |
| Prolactin (µU/mL) | 304 | 125.73 | 331 | 132.17 | 194 | 87.09 | 300 | 129.14 | |
| SHBG f (nmol/L) | 34 | 13.98 | 30.4 | 17.65 | 32.3 | 11.03 | 31.6 | 15.13 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.6 | 0.24 | 4.7 | 0.19 | 4.45 | 0.17 | 4.6 | 0.22 | |
| TSH g (mU/L) | 1.88 | 2.68 | 2.02 | 0.82 | 2.15 | 0.85 | 1.88 | 2 | |
| Semen analysis h | Sperm concentration (million/mL) | 52 | 45.35 | 50.2 | 70.87 | 34 | 10.88 | 50.7 | 56.05 |
| Total sperm count (million) | 158.88 | 238.47 | 235.44 | 296.71 | 159.35 | 15.48 | 172.5 | 255.45 | |
| Vitality (%) | 68 | 10.12 | 65 | 14.52 | 70.5 | 2.06 | 68 | 11.99 | |
| Progressive motility (a+b) (%) | 53 | 8.01 | 55 | 13.23 | 55 | 18.78 | 54.5 | 11.17 | |
| Overall motility (a+b+c+) (%) | 65 | 7.62 | 62 | 11.57 | 66.5 | 13.67 | 64.5 | 9.88 | |
| Fast progressive motility (a; %) | 19 | 12.24 | 19 | 13.88 | 22 | 18.57 | 19 | 13.29 | |
| Slow progressive motility (b; %) | 35 | 12.65 | 31 | 10.99 | 26.5 | 12.07 | 31.5 | 11.92 | |
| Non-progressive motility (c; %) | 8 | 5.93 | 8 | 6.3 | 11.5 | 5.8 | 8.5 | 5.98 | |
| Immotility (d; %) | 35 | 7.7 | 38 | 11.57 | 33.5 | 13.67 | 35.5 | 9.92 | |
| Semen pH | 7.5 | 0.23 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 7.65 | 0.35 | 7.5 | 0.23 | |
| Morphology (%) | 11 | 6.85 | 12 | 4.83 | 12 | 4.9 | 11 | 5.94 | |
| Round cell count (million/mL) | 1 | 4.02 | 2.4 | 15.01 | 0.7 | 0.43 | 1.8 | 10.04 | |
| Leukocytes (million) | 0 | 0.36 | 0.2 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.66 | |
| Oxidative stress i (mV/106 mL) | 0.47 | 0.78 | 0.55 | 3.26 | 1.16 | 0.68 | 0.55 | 2.07 | |
a standard deviation; b body mass index; c International Index of Erectile Function; d follicle-stimulating hormone; e luteinizing hormone; f sexual hormone binding globulin; g thyroid-stimulating hormone; h according to WHO 2010; i measured with the Male infertility Oxidative System (MyOxSIS).