Table 1.
Bibliographic review of iron metabolism and glaucoma in primates.
| Authors | Population | Data | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| R. C. Tripathi et al. | 36 patients with POAG, 18 patients with secondary glaucoma, and 33 age-matched control cataract patients | Increased aqueous humor TF levels | [11] |
| M. I. Vinetskaia and E. N. Iomdina | Adult Russian population (48 samples) | Higher iron content in lacrimal fluids | [37] |
| T. Miyahara et al. | Cynomolgus monkeys glaucoma IOP model (4 eyes) | Increase mRNA and proteins staining for CP in retina | [13] |
| R. H. Farkas et al. | Male juvenile cynomolgus monkeys glaucoma IOP model23 glaucoma eyes and 23 control eyes | Increase mRNA and proteins staining for CP, FT, TF in inner retinal layers | [12] |
| K. Stasi et al. | 6 glaucomatous eyes and 6 control eyes | Increase CP staining in Müller glial cells | [35] |
| K. N. Engin et al. | 160 patients with POAG and 31 control cataract patients | Higher serum TF levels | [42] |
| R. Sorkhabi et al. | 22 patients with POAG and 25 age- and sex-matched cataract control patients | Higher aqueous humor hepcidin levels | [36] |
| S.-C. Lin et al. | South Korean participants (9632 individuals included) | Higher serum FT levels | [18] |
| H. J. Gye et al. | South Korean participants (164,029 individuals included) | Higher serum FT levels | [43] |
| M. Sarnat-Kucharczyk et al. | 30 patients with POAG and 25 control cataract patients | Lower serum CP levels | [44] |
| B. Hohberger | 12 patients with POAG, 10 patients with PEXG, and 11 control cataract patients | Lower aqueous humor iron levels only in PEXG | [38] |
| A. Fick et al. | 22 patients with POAG and 18 control patients | Higher serum iron levels | [45] |
| E. Iomdina et al. | 12 patients with POAG and 18 control cataract patients | Higher aqueous humor iron levels in POAG | [39] |
| B. Bocca et al. | 35 patients with POAG and 20 age-matched controls | Higher aqueous humor iron levels in POAG | [40] |
| M. Aranaz et al. | 17 patients with PEXG, 16 patients with POAG, and 16 age-matched cataract control patients | No differences | [41] |
| F. Yao et al. | 31 patients with APACG and 31 non-glaucomatous patients | Higher serum iron (ferric form) in APACG | [46] |
The search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar using the keyword combinations of: ‘iron’ or ‘Fe’ or ‘transferrin’ or ‘ferritin’ or ‘ceruloplasmin’ or ‘hepcidin’ or ‘ferroportin’ or ‘hephaestin’ or ‘lipocalin2’ or ‘DMT1’ or ‘HFE’ and ‘glaucoma’ or ‘Fe’ and ‘glaucoma’. The search included all publications in peer-reviewed journals from 1992 through the date of the search (18 July 2022). The search included all types of publications (original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, etc.) and all available journals and sources. All the 229 results were checked one by one by reading summary and paper if available. Only results on humans or primates were included. Legend: APACG: Acute primary angle-closure glaucoma; CP: Ceruloplasmin; FT: Ferritin; IOP: Intra-ocular pressure; PEXG: pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma; POAG: primary open-angle glaucoma; TF: Transferrin.