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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Jun 26;63:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.06.005

Table 3.

Risk of ADHD By Timing of Perinatal Depression

Unadjusted Model Adjusted Main Model
Characteristics Hazard Ratio (95% CI) Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

Perinatal Depression
No depression 1.00 (REF) 1.00 (REF)
 Depression onset diagnosed prior to delivery (0/1) 5.15 (3.47, 7.64) 5.08 (3.42, 7.55)
 Depression onset postpartum (0/1) 2.37 (1.61, 3.49) 2.31 (1.56, 3.41)
Maternal Age
25 yrs. or less 1.29 (0.91, 1.84)
26–35 yrs. REF
36 and older 1.09 (0.80, 1.49)
Pregnancy induced hypertension 1.39 (0.95, 2.04)

Bold indicates p value <.05, Depression onset diagnosed prior to delivery n= 149

Depression onset diagnosed postpartum n=335