Fig. 5.

The ring attractor model accounts for experimentally observed PKs. (A) Category-level averaging task (33–35). Participants reported whether, on average, the tilt of eight oriented Gabor patterns fell closer to the cardinal $\left\{0^{°},{90}^{°}\right\}$ or diagonal $\left\{-{45}^{°},{45}^{°}\right\}$ axes. (B) PKs obtained from human subjects were heterogeneous. Thin lines represent the PKs of individual subjects and data points with error bars the group averages. We fit the ring model to the experimental data by varying the excitatory drive I₀ (dashed lines).