Table 1.

Summary of the intraoperative and pathologic findings in the laparoscopic population.

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
Vessels status	Entering	Blind ending	Blind ending
Vas status	Entering	Blind ending	Entering
Number of cases	437	61	15
Closed internal ring	420 (96.1)	61 (100)	15 (100)
Number of specimens	431	10	15
Fibrosis	388 (90.0)	10 (100)	14 (93.3)
Calcifications	184 (42.1)	4 (40)	3 (20)
Hemosiderin depositions	44 (10.2)	1 (10)	0 (0)
Vas deferens	295 (68.4)	1 (10)	9 (60)
Epididymis	187 (43.4)	0 (0)	2 (13.3)
Seminiferous tubules	26 (6.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Germ cells	12 (2.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Values are presented as n (%).

Entering: testicular vessels or vas deferens entering the internal ring. Blind ending: the testicular vessels or vas deferens appear to end before reaching the internal ring.