Table 1.
Patient characteristics by severe liver outcomes.
| Severe Liver Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Characteristics | Total | Yes | No | |
| n=20,556 | n=837 | n=19,719 | p-value | |
|
| ||||
| FIB-4 Combination Risk Strata (%) | < 0.001* | |||
| Low | 11,255 (54.8) | 231 (27.6) | 11,024 (55.9) | |
| Indeterminate | 7,159 (34.8) | 239 (28.6) | 6,920 (35.1) | |
| High | 1,356 (6.6) | 125 (14.9) | 1,231 (6.2) | |
| Persistently High | 786 (3.8) | 242 (28.9) | 544 (2.8) | |
|
| ||||
| ALT Combination Risk Strata (%) | <.0001* | |||
| Low | 8,885 (43.2) | 225 (26.9) | 8,660 (43.9) | |
| High | 5,715 (27.8) | 209 (25.0) | 5,506 (27.9) | |
| Persistently High | 5,956 (29.0) | 403 (48.1) | 5,553 (28.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 51.0 ± 16.6 | 51.7 ± 13.6 | 51.0 ± 16.8 | 0.179† |
| Gender (%) | < 0.001* | |||
| Female | 64.8 | 51.3 | 65.4 | |
| Male | 35.2 | 48.7 | 34.6 | |
| Race (%) | 0.430* | |||
| Black | 45.3 | 47.1 | 45.2 | |
| Other | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | |
| White | 52.2 | 50.1 | 52.3 | |
| Marital status (%) | < 0.001* | |||
| Married | 45.5 | 34.6 | 45.9 | |
| Unmarried | 54.5 | 65.4 | 54.1 | |
| Current smoker (%) | < 0.001* | |||
| Yes | 12.5 | 23.7 | 12.0 | |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 29.8 ± 8.2 | 28.8 ± 7.7 | 29.9 ± 8.2 | < 0.001† |
| Hypertension (%) | 67.1 | 81.0 | 66.5 | < 0.001* |
| Diabetes (%) | 29.5 | 46.1 | 28.8 | <.0001* |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 54.4 | 50.9 | 54.6 | 0.037* |
| CVD (%) | 26.5 | 39.1 | 26.0 | < 0.001* |
| Hypothyroid (%) | 16.0 | 17.4 | 16.0 | 0.255* |
| Kidney disease (%) | 18.4 | 42.3 | 17.4 | < 0.001* |
| Chronic liver disease (%) | ||||
| None | 18,290 | 411 (49.1) | 17,879 (90.7) | < 0.001* |
| NAFLD | 577 | 74 (8.8) | 503 (2.6) | < 0.001* |
| Other Liver Dx‡ | 1,788 | 373 (44.6) | 1,415 (7.2) | < 0.001* |
| HBV | 152 | 31 (3.7) | 121 (0.6) | < 0.001* |
| HCV | 603 | 207 (24.7) | 396 (2.0) | < 0.001* |
| ARLD | 997 | 166 (19.8) | 831 (4.2) | < 0.001* |
| Autoimmune** | 50 | 24 (2.9) | 26 (0.1) | < 0.001* |
| Metabolic | 197 | 22 (2.6) | 175 (0.9) | < 0.001* |
*
Chi-square tests comparing proportions by severe liver outcome occurrence
†
Two-sample t tests used to compare means by severe liver outcome occurrence.
‡
1,788 unique patients had another CLD, but some patients received more than 1 CLD code.
**
Includes autoimmune hepatitis and PBC. FIB-4=Fibrosis-4 index. SD=standard deviation. BMI=body mass index (kg/m2). CVD=cardiovascular disease. NAFLD=nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dx=diagnosis. HBV=hepatitis B virus. HCV=hepatitis C virus. ARLD=alcohol-related liver disease.