Table 1.
Characteristic of studies included in systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Study | Design | Country | Patient and Control | N | age (year) | Male (%) | NOS scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zavatta, 2022 (8) | case-control | Italy | PA NFA |
26 39 |
58.00 ± 8.90 59.00 ± 8.80 |
11 (42.3%) 17 (43.6%) |
8 |
| Tang, 2022 (9) | case-control | China | PA SA(GS+BS) |
20 37 |
38.80 ± 10.10 36.10 ± 14.60 |
11 (55.0%) 19 (51.4%) |
7 |
| Liu, 2021 (10) | case-control | China | PA NFA |
356 417 |
50.00 ± 11.00 51.00 ± 12.00 |
203 (57.0%) 219 (52.5%) |
6 |
| Kometani, 2021 (11) | case-control | Japan | (a) unilateral PA bilateral PA (without ACTH) |
60 54 |
52.00 ± 12.00 52.00 ± 12.00 |
31 (51.7%) 27 (50.0%) |
6 |
| (b) unilateral PA bilateral PA (with ACTH) |
19 105 |
55.00 ± 11.00 51.00 ± 11.00 |
12 (63.2%) 52 (49.5%) |
||||
| Gravvanis, 2021 (12) | case-control | Greece | PA before treatment PA after treatment |
63 63 |
60.00(31.00,78.00) 60.00(31.00,78.00) |
37 (58.7%) 37 (58.7%) |
8 |
| Yokomoto, 2020 (13) | case-control | Japan | unilateral PA bilateral PA (with ACTH) |
37 76 |
56.00 ± 14.00 54.00 ± 11.00 |
25 (67.6%) 23 (30.3%) |
7 |
| Tuersun, 2020 (14) | case-control | China | (a) PA EH |
156 156 |
49.86 ± 8.72 48.99 ± 8.60 |
88 (56.4%) 88 (56.4%) |
8 |
| (b) unilateral PA bilateral PA (without ACTH) |
76 80 |
49.11 ± 8.38 48.79 ± 8.86 |
43 (56.6%) 47 (58.8%) |
||||
| Asbach, 2020 (15) | case-control | German | (a) unilateral PA bilateral PA (with ACTH) |
70 55 |
49.00(43.00,59.00) 45.00(41.00,53.00) |
44 (62.9%) 35 (63.6%) |
8 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
60 60 |
- - |
38 (63.3%) 38 (63.3%) |
||||
| Adolf, 2020 (16) | case-control | German | (a) PA HS |
36 18 |
59.00(53.00,64.00) 54.00(44.00,60.00) |
0 (0%) 0 (0%) |
8 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
36 36 |
59.00(53.00,64.00) 59.00(53.00,64.00) |
0 (0%) 0 (0%) |
||||
| Lenzini, 2019 (17) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA EH |
42 63 |
52.00 ± 11.22 52.00 ± 10.00 |
24 (57.1%) 33 (52.4%) |
7 |
| (b) unilateral PA bilateral PA |
27 15 |
52.00 ± 11.00 52.00 ± 12.00 |
15 (55.6%) 9 (60.0%) |
||||
| (c) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
42 32 |
52.00 ± 11.22 52.00 ± 11.02 |
24 (57.1%) - |
||||
| Loh, 2018 (18) | case-control | Malaysia | (a) PA EH |
18 17 |
50.00(38.00,58.75) 50.00(38.50,61.50) |
11 (61.1%) 11 (64.7%) |
7 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
15 15 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Lim, 2018 (19) | case-control | Korean | unilateral PA bilateral PA (with ACTH) |
23 19 |
46.50 ± 11.50 51.50 ± 9.80 |
9 (39.1%) 12 (63.2%) |
8 |
| Kim, 2018 (5) | case-control | Korean | PA AI |
72 335 |
56.73 ± 8.50 54.64 ± 9.95 |
- - |
8 |
| Shu, 2018 (20) | case-control | China | OP OE HS |
186 96 42 |
59.60 ± 4.35 58.70 ± 4.40 58.60 ± 4.90 |
0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) |
8 |
| Wu, 2017 (21) | cohort | China | PA EH |
2533 10132 |
50.55 ± 14.57 50.69 ± 17.90 |
1176 (46.4%) 4708 (46.5%) |
8 |
| Salcuni, 2017 (22) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA non-PA |
12 310 |
60.40 ± 13.50 61.10 ± 9.30 |
- - |
9 |
| (b) OP HS |
213 109 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Notsu, 2017 (23) | case-control | Japan | PA HS |
56 56 |
58.70 ± 11.10 59.40 ± 11.50 |
25 (44.6%) 25 (44.6%) |
8 |
| Zhang, 2016 (24) | case-control | China | PA NFA |
84 58 |
50.00 ± 10.00 55.00 ± 8.00 |
44 (52.4%) 21 (36.2%) |
6 |
| Jiang, 2016 (25) | case-control | China | (a) PA EH |
242 120 |
49.00(41.00,57.00) 50.00(42.00,58.00) |
131 (54.1%) 53 (44.2%) |
8 |
| (b) unilateral PA bilateral PA (without ACTH) |
123 119 |
46.57 ± 11.33 52.70 ± 12.01 |
57 (46.3%) 74 (62.2%) |
||||
| (c) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
99 99 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Petramala, 2014 (26) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA EH HS |
73 73 40 |
52.50 ± 11.20 55.60 ± 12.40 55.70 ± 6.10 |
- - - |
6 |
| (b) unilateral PA bilateral PA (without ACTH) |
35 38 |
52.80 ± 11.50 52.50 ± 11.20 |
- - |
||||
| Ceccoli, 2013 (27) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA EH |
116 110 |
51.60 ± 11.00 55.00 ± 10.00 |
65 (56.0%) 35 (31.8%) |
7 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
40 40 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Salcuni, 2012 (28) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA NFA |
11 15 |
56.00 ± 9.30 56.70 ± 9.50 |
4 (36.4%) 5 (33.3%) |
10 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
9 9 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Rossi, 2012 (29) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA EH |
58 74 |
49.76 ± 12.60 50.00 ± 14.00 |
- - |
9 |
| (b) unilateral PA bilateral PA (without ACTH) |
46 12 |
51.00 ± 13.00 45.00 ± 10.00 |
- - |
||||
| (c) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
46 46 |
51.00 ± 13.00 52.00 ± 12.00 |
- - |
||||
| Pilz, 2012 (30) | case-control | German | (a) PA EH |
10 182 |
50.10 ± 11.00 50.20 ± 15.70 |
4 (40.0%) 74 (40.7%) |
9 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
10 10 |
50.10 ± 11.00 51.20 ± 11.50 |
4 (40.0%) 4 (40.0%) |
||||
| Maniero, 2012 (31) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA EH |
44 61 |
50.00 ± 13.00 50.00 ± 15.00 |
18 (40.9%) 21 (34.4%) |
9 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
31 31 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Rossi, 1998 (32) | case-control | Italy | PA EH |
16 16 |
50.80 ± 2.70 48.50 ± 2.30 |
8 (50.0%) 8 (50.0%) |
7 |
| Rossi, 1995 (33) | case-control | Italy | (a) PA EH HS |
10 20 10 |
52.40 ± 12.90 46.00 ± 7.19 48.00 ± 12.70 |
5 (50.0%) 10 (50.0%) 5 (50.0%) |
6 |
| (b) PA before treatment PA after treatment |
14 14 |
- - |
- - |
||||
| Lawrence, 1985 (34) | descriptive | American | PA | 10 | – | – | – |
N, number; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; PA, primary aldosteronism; NFA, non-functioning adrenal tumour; SA, secondary aldosteronism; GS, gitelman syndrome; BS, bartter syndrome; AI, adrenal incidentaloma; OP, osteoporosis; OE, osteopenia; HS, healthy subjects.