TABLE 1.
Sensitivity, specificity, and κ‐coefficients of self‐reported hypertension compared with biomedical data, LASI, 2017–2018
| 45+ Years | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) | κ (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 56.0 (55.4, 56.6) | 90.5 (90.1, 90.8) | .48 (.47, .49) |
| Background characteristics | |||
| Individual factors | |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 49.8 (48.9, 50.7) | 92.2 (91.7, 92.6) | .45 (.44, .46) |
| Female | 61.2 (60.4, 61.9) | 89.0 (88.5, 89.4) | .50 (.50, .51) |
| Education level | |||
| No education | 51.9 (51.0, 52.8) | 90.1 (89.6, 90.5) | .44 (.43, .45) |
| Primary | 57.3 (56.2, 58.5) | 90.7 (90.0, 91.3) | .49 (.47, .50) |
| Secondary | 59.0 (57.7, 60.3) | 91.2 (90.4, 91.9) | .55 (.54, .57) |
| Higher | 64.0 (62.3, 65.7) | 90.7 (89.6, 91.8) | .53 (.51, .55) |
| Working status | |||
| Never worked | 65.5 (64.5, 66.6) | 88.1 (87.4, 88.8) | .55 (.53, .56) |
| Currently working | 43.3 (42.4, 44.2) | 92.2 (91.8, 92.6) | .38 (.37, .39) |
| Not currently working | 62.4 (61.3, 63.4) | 89.0 (88.2, 89.7) | .52 (.51, .53) |
| Marital status | |||
| Currently married | 54.4 (53.7, 55.1) | 90.9 (90.5, 91.2) | .47 (.46,.48) |
| Widowed | 60.9 (59.8, 62.0) | 88.7 (87.9, 89.5) | .49 (.48, .51) |
| Others a | 51.4 (48.1, 54.7) | 90.0 (88.1, 91.7) | .38 (.33, .42) |
| MPCE | |||
| Poorest | 44.8 (43.4, 46.2) | 91.4 (90.7, 92.0) | .39 (.37, .41) |
| Poorer | 52.1 (50.7, 53.4) | 91.1 (90.4, 91.7) | .45 (.44, .47) |
| Middle | 55.8 (54.5, 57.1) | 90.6 (89.9, 91.3) | .46 (.45, .48) |
| Richer | 60.2 (59.0, 61.5) | 89.6 (88.8, 90.3) | .52 (.51, .54) |
| Richest | 64.5 (63.3, 65.7) | 89.5 (88.7, 90.2) | .55 (.53, .56) |
| BMI categories | |||
| Normal | 49.3 (48.4, 50.2) | 91.9 (91.5, 92.3) | .43 (.42, .44) |
| Underweight | 37.4 (35.8, 39.1) | 92.9 (92.3, 93.5) | .37 (.35, .39) |
| Overweight/obese | 64.9 (63.9, 65.8) | 90.0 (89.3, 90.7) | .51 (.50, .52) |
| Behavioral factors | |||
| Ever smoke or chew tobacco | |||
| No | 59.9 (59.2, 60.6) | 90.2 (89.7, 90.6) | .51 (.50, .52) |
| Yes | 48.0 (47.0, 49.1) | 91.1 (90.6, 91.6) | .42 (.41, .43) |
| Alcohol use | |||
| No | 58.7 (58.1, 59.4) | 90.3 (89.9, 90.6) | .50 (.49, .51) |
| Yes | 42.9 (41.6, 44.3) | 91.7 (90.9, 92.4) | .37 (.35, .38) |
| Household factors | |||
| Religion | |||
| Hindu | 55.0 (54.3, 55.7) | 90.6 (90.3, 91.0) | .47 (.46, .48) |
| Muslim | 63.7 (62.1, 65.2) | 89.7 (88.6, 90.6) | .53 (.51, .54) |
| Christian | 49.6 (47.8, 51.4) | 91.4 (90.4, 92.3) | .52 (.50, .54) |
| Others b | 62.6 (60.2, 65.0) | 87.3 (85.4, 89.0) | .49 (.46, .52) |
| Caste | |||
| Scheduled caste | 53.3 (51.8, 54.8) | 90.2 (89.4, 90.9) | .45 (.43, .47) |
| Scheduled tribe | 39.7 (38.2, 41.1) | 92.6 (91.9, 93.3) | .32 (.30, .34) |
| OBC c | 57.4 (56.4, 58.4) | 90.6 (90.1, 91.1) | .48 (.47, .50) |
| Others | |||
| Community factors | 64.3 (63.2, 65.4) | 88.8 (88.1, 89.6) | .52 (.51, .53) |
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural | 49.7 (49.0, 50.5) | 90.6 (90.2, 90.9) | .43 (.42, .43) |
| Urban | 64.8 (63.9, 65.6) | 90.2 (89.6, 90.8) | .55 (.54, .56) |
| Region | |||
| North | 62.7 (61.4, 64.0) | 86.3 (85.4, 87.1) | .48 (.47, .50) |
| Central | 43.0 (41.1, 44.8) | 91.0 (90.2, 91.8) | .39 (.37, .41) |
| East | 52.7 (51.2, 54.2) | 89.7 (89.0, 90.4) | .45 (.43, .47) |
| Northeast | 47.5 (45.8, 49.1) | 89.7 (88.8, 90.6) | .45 (.43, .47) |
| West | 57.5 (55.9, 59.0) | 93.5 (92.7, 94.2) | .48 (.46, .50) |
| South | 61.2 (60.1, 62.3) | 93.2 (92.6, 93.8) | .55 (.53, .56) |
aDivorced, separated, and deserted.
bIncludes Sikh, Buddhist/neo‐Buddhist, Jain, Parsi/Zoroastrian, and others.
cOther Backward Classes.
Abbreviations: MPCE, Monthly Per Capita Expenditure; BMI, Body Mass Index; κ, Kappa coefficient; CI, Confidence Interval.