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. 2022 Oct 31;13:1020624. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020624

Figure 2.

Figure 2

SARS-CoV-2 S protein differentially modulated TLR responses in A549 cells. A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Membrane recombinant fusion protein (10, 20, 50, 100 ng/ml) and PAM3csk4 (1μg/ml) for 6 or 12 hours. (A) Decreased mRNA expression of IL8 was observed upon co-stimulation with SARS CoV2 S protein and PAM3csk4, compared to cells treated with PAM3csk4-alone (control). (B, C) No effect was observed for the expression of IL6 and TNFα. (D–F) Increased expression of CXCL5, PAI-1 and IFNα at 12 hours post-stimulation. (G–I) Secretion of IL8, IL6 and TNFα decreased in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 S (50ng/ml) after 12 hours. Data are illustrated in box-and-whiskers and plotted as median with range (n=4 biological replicates per group). Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal - Wallis test (A–F) and Mann – Whitney U test (G–I). Results are representative of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05.