Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
HMGB1 can be actively secreted by immune cells or passively secreted by necrotic or damaged cells. HMGB1 binds to RAGE and TLR4 to activate downstream signaling pathways, resulting in the upregulation of cytokines by pro-inflammatory cells. As HMGB1 antagonists, GL and EP can inhibit the release of HMGB1. The anti-HMGB1 mAb neutralizes HMGB1.
