Table 3.

Mann–Whitney U test gender differences in the ASR scales (n = 200)

	Male (n = 93)	Female (n = 106)
YSR scale	Mean rank	Mean rank	Mann -Whitney U	z	p	Cohen’s d/η2
Depression	87.72	110.77	3787.0	–2.83	.009	0.040
Anxiety	84.79	114.43	3505.5	–3.64	0.001	0.066
Emotional problems	84.95	113.21	3529.0	–3.46	0.001	0.060

The effect size was calculated with the formula d/η² = Z² / N − 1