Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Overall (N = 2,518) | Late Bleeding (n = 140) | No Late Bleeding (n = 2,378) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, y | 84.3 ± 5.2 | 84.6 ± 5.3 | 84.3 ± 5.2 | 0.59 |
| Male | 769 (30.5) | 49 (35.0) | 720 (30.3) | 0.26 |
| Weight, kg | 50.2 ± 10.2 | 50.7 ± 10.0 | 50.2 ± 10.3 | 0.56 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.43 ± 0.17 | 1.45 ± 0.18 | 1.43 ± 0.17 | 0.20 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 3.6 | 22.1 ± 3.3 | 22.2 ± 3.6 | 0.72 |
| CFS ≥4 | 1,492 (59.3) | 97 (69.3) | 1,395 (58.7) | 0.013 |
| NYHA functional class III/IV | 1,272 (50.5) | 88 (62.9) | 1,184 (49.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1,934 (76.8) | 106 (75.7) | 1,828 (76.9) | 0.76 |
| Diabetes | 542 (21.5) | 30 (21.4) | 512 (21.5) | >0.99 |
| Pre-existing AF | 502 (19.9) | 36 (25.7) | 466 (19.6) | 0.078 |
| Pre-existing AF with OACs | 427 (17.0) | 31 (22.1) | 396 (16.7) | 0.093 |
| Coronary artery disease | 915 (36.3) | 55 (39.3) | 860 (36.2) | 0.46 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1,749 (69.5) | 101 (72.1) | 1,648 (69.3) | 0.51 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 353 (14.0) | 25 (17.9) | 328 (13.8) | 0.21 |
| Pulmonary disease | 590 (23.4) | 42 (30.0) | 548 (23.0) | 0.065 |
| Liver disease | 75 (3.0) | 10 (7.1) | 65 (2.7) | <0.01 |
| Active cancer | 124 (4.9) | 13 (9.3) | 111 (4.7) | 0.024 |
| Previous stroke | 285 (11.3) | 18 (12.9) | 267 (11.2) | 0.58 |
| Prior CABG | 159 (6.3) | 7 (5.0) | 152 (6.4) | 0.72 |
| STS score, % | 6.5 (4.5-9.4) | 8.1 ± 6.2 | 8.1 ± 6.6 | >0.99 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Serum Na, mEq/L | 139.8 ± 4.5 | 139.4 ± 3.5 | 139.8 ± 4.6 | 0.26 |
| Serum K, mEq/L | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 0.65 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.11 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.40 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 51.6 ± 19.4 | 51.4 ± 20.7 | 51.6 ± 19.3 | 0.93 |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 11.3 ± 1.7 | 11.1 ± 1.7 | 11.3 ± 1.7 | 0.27 |
| Platelet count, ×104 /μL | 18.3 ± 6.8 | 16.5 ± 6.1 | 18.4 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| Gastric acid–suppressive agents | ||||
| Proton pomp inhibitor | 1,614 (64.1) | 97 (79.3) | 1,517 (63.8) | |
| Histamine-2 blocker | 148 (5.9) | 7 (5.0) | 141 (5.9) | 0.42 |
| No drug agents | 756 (30.0) | 36 (25.7) | 720 (30.3) | |
| Antithrombotic therapy | ||||
| None or SAPT | 545 (21.6) | 22 (15.7) | 523 (22.0) | |
| DAPT | 1,361 (54.1) | 76 (54.3) | 1,285 (54.0) | 0.040 |
| OAC + none or SAPT | 577 (22.9) | 37 (26.4) | 540 (22.7) | |
| OAC + DAPT | 35 (1.4) | 5 (14.3) | 30 (1.3) | |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| AVA, cm2 | 0.63 ± 0.17 | 0.63 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ±0.17 | 0.94 |
| Indexed AVA, cm2/m2 | 0.44 ± 0.12 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.47 ± 0.12 | 0.57 |
| Peak velocity, m/s | 4.6 ± 0.79 | 4.6 ± 0.73 | 4.6 ± 0.79 | 0.39 |
| Peak gradient, mm Hg | 86.1 ± 29.4 | 87.3 ± 26.8 | 86.0 ± 29.6 | 0.62 |
| Mean gradient, mm Hg | 50.7 ± 18.3 | 51.2 ± 17.2 | 50.6 ± 18.3 | 0.70 |
| LVEF, % | 59.3 ± 12.6 | 59.0 ± 12.9 | 59.3 ± 12.6 | 0.80 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR).
AF = atrial fibrillation; AVA = aortic valve area; BSA = body surface area; BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CFS = clinical frailty scale; DAPT = dual antiplatelet therapy; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; OAC = oral anticoagulant; SAPT = single antiplatelet therapy; STS = Society of Thoracic Surgeons.