. 2022 Oct 20;102(1):102266. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102266

Table 3.

Effects of clove powder and tulsi extract supplementation on small intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens on d 14.

	Treatments¹
Attributes	T0	T1	T2	T3	SEM	P-value
Duodenum
Length, cm	18.5^b	22.10^a	23.40^a	23.20^a	1.32	0.020
Villus height, μm	937.43	948.20	980.40	941.18	26.12	0.352
Villus width, μm	168.10	171.90	182.65	166.65	10.53	0.430
Crypt depth, μm	162.85	164.68	166.08	164.70	10.38	0.992
Villus surface area, mm²	0.16	0.16	0.18	0.16	0.01	0.399
Villus height to crypt depth	5.77	5.80	6.06	5.79	0.29	0.711
Jejunum
Length, cm	76.50^c	91.33^b	101.47^a	92.83^b	3.54	0.001
Villus height, μm	637.23	644.70	676.43	640.10	17.81	0.121
Villus width, μm	117.60	123.75	127.90	116.53	7.45	0.390
Crypt depth, μm	107.40	112.25	116.30	112.08	7.13	0.671
Villus surface area, mm²	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.01	0.453
Villus height to crypt depth	5.95	5.80	5.97	5.79	0.28	0.881
Ileum
Length, cm	11.73	13.37	14.63	15.50	1.54	0.158
Villus height, μm	484.15^b	502.60^ab	539.03^a	489.43^b	19.64	0.036
Villus width, μm	101.28	106.55	113.20	103.43	6.56	0.305
Crypt depth, μm	97.95	102.03	108.08	98.88	6.26	0.417
Villus surface area, mm²	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.203
Villus height to crypt depth	4.94	4.96	5.12	5.02	0.26	0.895

^a,b,c

Within a row, values with different alphabetic superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).

T0: represents the control group; T1, T2, and T3 groups represent supplementation of 0.5% clove + 2% tulsi, 1% clove + 3% tulsi, and 1.5% clove and 4% tulsi, respectively.