Notes to Box: High-level snapshot of how three smaller diagrams presented in the paper fit together in the larger CLD is given. Three main mechanisms responsible for provider achievement of (or failure to reach) targets during payment for performance programmes are shown here. Mechanisms that result in changes in the supply of services (blue), mechanisms that result in changes in facility reporting (green) and mechanisms that result in changes in demand for services (red). Source: Cassidy et al. (2021).