Table 3.

Therapeutic drugs targeting mitochondria and their mode of action in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.

Disease	Drug/Compound	Mode of Action	References
Neurological Disorders	MitoQ	Protect against ROS and lipid peroxidation	[104]
	MitoVit E	Act as ROS scavenger Reduces lipid peroxidation	[105,106]
	Coenzyme Q10	Reduces Aβ peptide accumulation Supports mitochondrial ETC Attenuation of decreased oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and increased H202 production	[[107], [108], [109]]
	MitoApo	Helps in reducing superoxide formation Reduces H2O2 production Prevents oxidative stress-induced cell death	[110]
	Melatonin	Helps in reducing mitochondria calcium levels Helps in maintain reduced mitochondrial volume	[111,112]
	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide	Regulates fission and fusion of mitochondria Restores ATP and NAD+ levels Helps in blocking the accumulation of ROS Mitophagy stimulation	[113,114]
	MitoTEMPO	Eliminates mitochondrial superoxide Scavenges ROS Reduces lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress Increases mtDNA fidelity and copy number	[115]
	Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptides	Targeted delivery of antioxidants to the inner mitochondrial membrane Scavenge hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite and inhibit lipid peroxidation By reducing mitochondrial ROS, these peptides inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochromec release, thus preventing oxidant-induced cell death. Rejuvenation of mitochondrial activities in dysfunctional and aging mitochondria	[100,116,117]
Metabolic diseases	MitoQ	Improves arterial stiffening and endothelial function Inhibits ROS generation Protects against inflammation	[118,119]
	Metformin	Decreasing the glucose absorption in the intestine Encourages weight loss in obese patients	[120,121]