Yonezawa 2018.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomised, parallel, controlled trial Study conducted: March 2014 and June 2015 Treatment arms: 2 Follow‐up: 24 months (eczema, AD, and food allergy)
Participants	Randomised: N = 227 (intervention n = 113, control n = 114) Inclusion criteria: Newborn born at the institution at minimum gestational age of 35 weeks Newborn born to Asian parents Newborn who received no medical treatment in the paediatric ward Mother of newborn able to speak Japanese Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Each group performed skin care from week 1 to week 12 after birth. Intervention: moisturising skin care (bathing every 2 days and using lotion daily). The intervention group performed moisturising skin care as follows: (i) routine bathing every 2 days; and (ii) use of a moisturiser 1 or more times per day. If parents were resistant to reducing the frequency of bathing, they were allowed to bathe their newborn daily, but they could use soap only every other day. Soap was provided by researcher. Parents were also allowed to choose a moisturiser of their choice. Comparator: the control group performed the skin care regimen commonly used in Japan as follows: (i) routine bathing daily; and (ii) no moisturiser. Midwives recommended that all mothers routinely bathe their newborn daily. The researcher provided soap. The control group was allowed to apply a moisturiser to their newborn if they wanted to.
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: 3‐month outcomes: skin barrier function, by measuring values of TEWL Secondary outcomes: 3‐month outcomes: skin problems and skin conditions in the diaper area, face, and body recorded in parents'/infants' skin diaries. Skin conditions assessed in terms of redness, erythema, dryness, and breakdown. Presence of diaper dermatitis assessed using the diaper rash and erythema scoring scale, which rates diaper dermatitis on 7 levels from none to severe. Skin problems on the face or the body were assessed using an original score scale that refers to the Neonatal Skin Condition Score, which rates a skin condition between 3 and 9 points. Infants with skin problems for at least 1 day were considered to have skin problems (p. 25).  2‐year outcomes: parent report of diagnosis of eczema and parent report of diagnosis of food allergy Adverse events: not formally collected
Identification	Country: Japan  Setting: Tokyo‐Kita Medical Center Sponsorship source: this study was supported by the Mitsubishi Foundation (Grants for Social Welfare Activities on 2013) and the Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation
Declarations of interest	None declared.
Notes