. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2022 Feb 17;73(9):1027–1038. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100516

TABLE 3.

Intent-to-treat odds of obtaining employment and hazard ratios of time to employment by 9-month follow-up among IPS participants (N=90)^a

Predictor variable	OR	95% CI	p^b
IPS+VR-JIT (reference: IPS as usual)	3.03	1.18^c	.027
Baseline year	2.25	1.11–4.56	.024
Problematic substance use (reference: no)	3.58	1.03–12.44	.045
Social cognition score	1.06	1.02–1.10	.007
Community functioning score	.95	.91–.99	.010
Negative symptoms score	.76	.56–1.03	.075

	HR	95% CI	p ^b

IPS+VR-JIT (reference: IPS as usual)	1.84	.96^c	.062
Baseline year	1.64	1.03–2.61	.039
Problematic substance use (reference: no)	2.37	1.05–5.32	.037
Social cognition score	1.03	1.01–1.05	.007
Community functioning score	.97	.94–.99	.016
Negative symptoms score	.83	.65–1.06	.136

Participants received standard individual placement and support (IPS) services (N=36) or standard IPS services plus Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) (N=54). The odds ratios are for the multivariable logistic regression. The hazard ratios (HR) are for the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Logistic regression model fit statistics, χ²=28.84, df=6, p=.001; Nagelkerke R²=.375. Cox proportional hazards model fit statistic, χ²=24.37, df=6, p<.001.

One-sided p value for directional intervention hypothesis, two-sided p value for covariates and factors.

CI for directional intervention hypothesis uses only a lower-limit value.