Goel 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	118 newborn infants (27–34 weeks' gestation) with respiratory distress treated with bubble CPAP (Fisher‐Paykel) after birth room stabilisation
Interventions	Mask (Fisher‐Paykel): n = 61 Prongs (Hudson RCI): n = 57
Outcomes	Treatment failure (mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of CPAP) Duration of CPAP use Duration of supplemental oxygen Pulmonary interstitial emphysema Pneumothorax Patent ductus arteriosus Death before discharge Duration of hospitalisation Intraventricular haemorrhage Chronic lung disease Retinopathy of prematurity Feed intolerance Necrotising enterocolitis aNasal injury
Notes	Setting: Mumbai, India (2014–2015) Funding: no specific funding aData from authors (August 2021)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open label.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants randomised were analysed and reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No access to protocol but unlikely (comprehensive).
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence imbalance in baseline demographics.