Kieran 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	120 newborn infants (< 31 weeks' gestation) treated with nasal CPAP via Viasys Infant Flow Driver (as primary support or postextubation)
Interventions	Mask (Viasys): n = 58 Prongs (Viasys): n = 62
Outcomes	Treatment failure (mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of CPAP) Death before discharge Nasal trauma sufficiently severe "to prompt clinicians or nursing staff to change the interface" Pneumothorax Necrotising enterocolitis Intraventricular haemorrhage Chronic lung disease Retinopathy of prematurity
Notes	Setting: Dublin, Ireland (2009–2010) Funding: National Children's Research Centre
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open label.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome reporting complete.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Unlikely (comprehensive).
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence imbalance in baseline demographics.