Table 2.

Multivariate Analysis of Associations Between Total HIV-DNA in CD4+ T Cells and Clinical Characteristics at ART Initiation

Variable	Overall (N = 146)
	Ratio	95% CI		P-Value
CD4+ count at ART initiation (cells/mm3)	0.998	.997	1.000	.009
Age, y	0.973	.951	.995	.015
Sex (referent, male)
Female	0.565	.350	.912	.019
Current smoking	-	-	-	.201
Country where participant enrolled (referent, Peru)
South Africa	0.705	.330	1.507	.367
Uganda	2.491	1.151	5.392	.021
Estimated (self-reported) duration of HIV infection before ART initiation, y	-	-	-	.631
Time on ART at time of sampling for HIV reservoir analyses, m	-	-	-	.942
CD4:CD8 ratio at ART initiation	-	-	-	.420
Plasma HIV RNA at ART initiation (log10 copies/mL)	1.189	1.000	1.413	.050
Positive hypertensiona	-	-	-	.427
Positive hepatitis Bb	0.224	.068	.738	.014
ART regimen (referent, PI/NRTI)
NRTI/NNRTI	-	-	-	.333
Plasma IL-6 (pg/mL) at ART initiation	0.842	.676	1.047	.122
Plasma d-dimer (µg/mL) at ART initiation	0.753	.568	.998	.048
Plasma hs-CRP (µg/m) at ART initiation	1.005	.985	1.025	.645

Adjusted for: age, sex, country, viral load, hepatitis B.

Hyphen (-) indicates that variables with P-values >.20 were removed from model by stepwise regression; Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.

Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or receiving blood pressure medication (beta blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel antagonists, other).

Hepatitis B measured as being hepatitis B surface antigen positive.