Table 1.

Some immunological features of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria*

	Symptomatic*	Asymptomatic*	References
Hematological and biochemical parameters	Some altered	Not altered	Not available
Levels of specific antibodies against P. vivax antigens	Increased	Increased	32 , 52
Expression of regulatory molecules on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells	Increased	?	52 , 111
Frequency of circulating CD4+ T cells	Decreased	?	52
Frequency of circulating CD8+ T cells	Decreased	?	52
Frequency of monocytes	Increased	?	52 , 107 , 110
Frequency of follicular helper T cells	Increased	?	32 , 52 , 112
Frequency of regulatory T cells	Increased	?	52 , 111
Leukocyte response to innate stimulus	Increased	?	52
Serum cytokines	Increased	?	52 , 53

^*Compared with healthy controls or patients after treatment. Note on data sources: References as indicated or unpublished observations/data from Amazonian ICEMR.