Table 1. Patient baseline characteristics at the time of intensive care unit admission.
| All (n = 66) | |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years | 67 (53–71) |
| Sex, male | 47 (71.2%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.1 (23.4–29.0) |
| Race | |
| Asian | 56 (84.8%) |
| Latino | 10 (15.2%) |
| Scoring at ICU admission | |
| APACHE II | 15 (9–21) |
| SOFA | 4 (2–7) |
| Hospital | |
| Gunma University Hospital | 24 (36%) |
| Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital | 23 (35%) |
| Subaru Health Insurance Society Ota Memorial Hospital | 19 (29%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Cancer | 3 (4.6%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29 (43.9%) |
| Obesity | 12 (18.2%) |
| Hypertension | 37 (56.1%) |
| Chronic heart failure | 4 (6.1%) |
| Angina/previous myocardial infarction | 7 (10.6%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13 (19.7%) |
| Dialysis | 7 (10.6%) |
| Laboratory data at admission | |
| White blood cells, ×109/mL | 7650 (4950–9925) |
| Lymphocytes, ×106/mL | 680 (480–960) |
| Platelet count, ×103/mL | 174.0 (125.3–228.8) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 347 (270–466) |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 86 (49–170) |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L | 37 (28–54) |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 27 (17–40) |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 18 (13–32) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.79 (0.62–1.27) |
| eGFR, mL/min/m2 | 70.0(42.0–88.6) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 7.52 (3.83–13.46) |
| PT-INR | 1.04 (0.99–1.11) |
| APTT, sec | 33.5 (30.2–38.2) |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 546 (452–616) |
| Antithrombin activity †, % | 82.5 (75.1–96.0) |
| D-dimer, μg/mL | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) |
| Heparin usage before admission | 5 (7.5%) |
Data are presented as the median (interquartile range) or number (%). APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PT-INR, the international normalized ratio of prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of over 30 kg/m2. † Four patients in the no-mechanical ventilation group lacked data on antithrombin activity.