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. 2022 Nov 14;2022(11):CD012956. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012956.pub2

Comparison 4. Medications compared with placebo – non‐serious adverse events ‐ metabolic and gastro‐intestinal system.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
4.1 Antipsychotics 6   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.1.1 Nausea 4 754 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.49, 1.29]
4.1.2 Uneasy feeling 1 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 7.00 [0.38, 129.93]
4.1.3 Constipation 1 28 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 6.50 [0.41, 104.20]
4.1.4 Dry mouth 4 754 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.60 [1.46, 4.64]
4.2 Antipsychotics 3   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.2.1 liver function: ALT/SGPT baseline to endpoint mean change (U/L) 2 530 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.46 [0.29, 0.63]
4.2.2 liver function: AST/SGOT baseline to endpoint mean change (U/L) 2 526 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.18, 0.52]
4.2.3 liver function: total bilirubin baseline to endpoint mean change (μmol/L) 1 264 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.53, ‐0.05]
4.2.4 liver function: direct bilirubin baseline to endpoint mean change (μmol/L) 1 258 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.35 [‐0.60, ‐0.11]
4.2.5 liver function: GGT (GGPT/SGGT/YGGT) baseline to endpoint mean change 1 268 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.26 [0.02, 0.50]
4.2.6 lipids: total cholesterol baseline to endpoint change (mmol/L) 2 327 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.20, 0.64]
4.2.7 lipids: LDL cholesterol baseline to endpoint mean change (mmol/L) 1 259 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.10, 0.59]
4.2.8 lipids: HDL cholesterol (dextran precip.) baseline to endpoint mean change (mmol/L) 1 269 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.52, ‐0.04]
4.2.9 lipids: triglycerides, fasting, baseline to endpoint mean change (mmol/L) 1 203 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.37 [0.09, 0.64]
4.2.10 prolactin: baseline to endpoint mean change (μg/L) 1 259 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.07, 0.56]
4.2.11 platelet count baseline to endpoint mean change (GI/L) 2 517 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.53, 0.59]
4.2.12 erythrocyte count baseline to endpoint mean change (TI/L) 1 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.18 [‐0.42, 0.06]
4.2.13 leukocyte count baseline to endpoint mean change (GI/L) 1 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.40 [‐0.65, ‐0.16]
4.2.14 neutrophils, segmented, baseline to endpoint mean change (GI/L) 1 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐0.63, ‐0.14]
4.2.15 basophils baseline to endpoint mean change (GI/L) 1 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.53, ‐0.04]
4.2.16 monocytes baseline to endpoint mean change (GI/L) 1 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.53, ‐0.04]
4.2.17 haemoglobin baseline to endpoint mean change (mml/L‐F) 1 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.45, 0.03]
4.2.18 mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) baseline to endpoint mean change (mml/L‐F) 1 260 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.22, 0.27]
4.2.19 calcium baseline to endpoint mean change (mmol/L) 1 268 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐0.57, ‐0.09]
4.2.20 albumin baseline to endpoint mean change (g/L) 1 269 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.45, 0.03]
4.2.21 creatine phosphokinase baseline to endpoint mean change (U/L) 1 268 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐0.45, 0.03]
4.2.22 urea nitrogen baseline to endpoint mean change (mmol/L) 1 269 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.14 [‐0.38, 0.10]
4.3 Mood stabilisers 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.3.1 gastrointestinal disorders 1 276 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.50, 0.98]
4.3.2 general disorders and administration site conditions 1 276 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.50, 2.05]
4.3.3 hepatobiliary disorders 1 276 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.04 [0.13, 74.07]
4.3.4 metabolism and nutrition disorders 1 276 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.03 [0.19, 22.12]
4.4 Memantine hydrochloride 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.4.1 constipation 1 33 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.65 [0.59, 4.57]
4.4.2 nausea/vomiting 1 34 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.45, 2.23]