Table 4.
List of potential therapeutic compounds that target host cell death pathways in M. tuberculosis infection
| Drug Name | Drug Class | Mechanism of Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Phospho-l-ascorbic acid | Vitamin | Inhibitor of SapM via metal oxidation | (400) |
| Aspirin | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | Adjunctive host-directed therapy for pulmonary TB | (401, 402) |
| AX20017 | Research compound | PknG inhibitor | (81) |
| AZD4462 | Research compound | PknG inhibitor | (403, 404) |
| AZD7762 | Research compound | PknG inhibitor | (405) |
| Carbamazepine | Anti-convulsant | Autophagy inducer | (406) |
| Concanavalin A | Research compound | Necrosis activator | (407) |
| Cyclosporin A | Immunosuppressant | Inhibitor of calcineurin | (408) |
| FK506 | Immunosuppressive agent | Inhibitor of calcineurin | (408) |
| Imatinib | Cancer growth blocker | Inhibitor of Abelson tyrosine kinase | (400) |
| Isoniazid | Antitubercular antibiotic | Prodrug, cell-wall growth inhibitor, an autophagy inducer | (409) |
| l-ascorbic acid | Vitamin | Competitive inhibitor of SapM, redox destabilizer | (400) |
| L335-M34 | Research compound | PtpA inhibitor | (410) |
| Levofloxacin | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | Apoptosis inducer | (411) |
| Loperamide | Anti-motility (gut)/anti-diarrheal | HDT, autophagy inducer | (398) |
| Metformin | Type 2-diabetic | HDT, oxidative stress inducer | (412) |
| Nitazoxanide/tizodanide | Antiparasitic | Autophagy modulator | (413, 414) |
| NU-6027 | Research compound | PknG inhibitor | (415) |
| OA-NO2 | Research compound | PknG inhibitor | (416) |
| Pretomanid/PA824 | Nitroimidazole | Nitric oxide stress inducer | (417, 418) |
| Pyrazinamide | Antitubercular antibiotic | Autophagy inducer | (419) |
| R406 | Research compound | PknG inhibitor | (403) |
| Rapamycin | Macrolide antibiotic | Apoptosis inducer | (420) |
| Rifampicin | Antitubercular Agent | DNA replication inhibitor | (421) |
| Saxifragifolin D | Research compound | Accumulator of PI3K | (422) |
| Sclerotiorin | Natural product | Aldose reductase, lipoxygenase and PknG inhibitor | (423) |
| Streptomycin | Aminoglycoside antibiotic | Necrosis inhibitor | (424) |
| Vitamin D3 | Vitamin | Adjunctive host-directed therapy for pulmonary TB | (401) |
HDT, host-directed therapy; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PknG, protein kinase G.