Figure 1.

WTAPP1 is overexpressed in PDAC and is associated with PDAC-cell phenotypes and clinical outcomes. A, Heatmap of the 10 top differentially expressed pseudogenes in 65 PDAC-tumor and 33 normal tissue samples (All FDR <0.05). Red (higher expression) or blue (lower expression) represents the normalized expression value of indicated pseudogenes. B, Real-time analysis of proliferation and migration of SW1990 and Capan-2 cells at time point of 96 hours (proliferation) and 18 hours (migration), which were treated with negative-control RNA or siRNA of selected 10 top differentially expressed pseudogenes. Data are mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 of Student t test. C and D, Expression levels of WTAPP1 RNA in surgically removed PDAC samples compared with paired nontumor tissue samples (C) and in advanced III/IV stages compared with early I/II stages (D) in two cohorts and combined sample. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 of Wilcoxon rank-sum tests in C and Mann–Whitney tests in D. E, Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival time in two PDAC patient cohorts and combined sample by different WTAPP1 RNA levels in tumors with HR = 1.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29–2.64] for Cohort 1; HR = 1.89 (95% CI = 1.11–3.21) for Cohort 2; and HR = 1.88 (95% CI = 1.40–2.53) for combined sample.