The carcinogenesis and cancer therapy of E-genes and I-genes. A, The genetic determinants of the MPs enrich for genes to which cancer cells manifest strong genetic dependency. B, Comparison fractions of genes significantly associated with drug IC50 in cancer cell lines among different gene sets. C, The E-genes of different MPs are predictive of drug IC50 targeting at different pathways. The dot size represents the fraction of drugs in each category, which are predicted. Different colors represent the average absolute effect sizes. D, The fractions of genes significantly associated with anti–PD-1 therapy response in melanoma among different gene sets. E, The fractions of genes significantly associated with anti–PD-1 therapy response in metastatic gastric cancer among different gene sets.