Table 1.

Item descriptive statistics and CFA

Descriptive statistics
	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Close (λ)	Depend (λ)	Anxiety (λ)	R2
Item 1	2.79	1.295	0.182	− 1.019	0.533*			0.284
Item 2r	2.58	1.351	0.327	− 1.088		− 0.841*		0.341
Item 3	2.56	1.342	0.421	− 1.009			0.794*	0.630
Item 4	2.06	1.194	0.964	− 0.032			0.587*	0.345
Item 5	2.46	1.121	0.448	− 0.496		0.950*		0.312
Item 6	2.97	1.272	0.046	− 1.011	0.627*			0.383
Item 7r	4.18	1.059	− 1.304	1.074		− 0.701*		0.491
Item 8r	3.81	1.138	− 0.757	− 0.222	− 0.482*			0.497
Item 9	2.17	1.263	0.851	− 0.365			0.888*	0.789
Item 10	2.8	1.316	0.249	− 1.047			0.764*	0.584
Item 11	2.52	1.343	0.48	− 0.951			0.844*	0.713
Item 12	2.9	1.178	0.121	− 0.792	0.718*			0.515
Item 13r	3.65	1.147	− 0.605	− 0.393	− 0.536*			0.287
Item 14	2.92	1.164	0.131	− 0.817		0.587*		0.345
Item 15	2.52	1.292	0.501	− 0.794			0.471*	0.466
Item 16r	2.75	1.285	0.111	− 1.108		− 0.775*		0.600
Item 17r	3.20	1.27151	− 0.357	− 0.883			− 0.723*	0.290
Item 18r	3.10	1.26215	− 0.142	− 0.993		− 0.733*		0.537

SD standard deviation, r reverse item, CFA confirmatory factor analysis, λ factor loading

*p < .001