Table 3.

Comparison between the Burton et al. [3] and the de Oliveira et al. [current paper] reviews

	Burton et al. (2008) [3] (n = 16)	de Oliveira et al. (2022) [current paper] (n = 38)
Aim of review	To summarize the literature regarding the association between mental health conditions and worker productivity To review studies of workplace strategies and interventions that attempt to improve productivity for employees suffering with mental health problems	To update the Burton et al. (2008) review on the association between mental health and lost productivity To examine how researchers have studied the relationship between mental health and lost productivity, the type of data and databases employed, the methods used, findings, and existing gaps in the literature
Time frame of analysis	Not specified (includes studies from 1994 to 2007)	1 January 2008–31 May 2020
Data employed	National surveys Questionnaires/surveys Medical claims Firm data	National surveys Questionnaires/surveys Medical claims Firm data Randomised control trial data (including data linkages)
Mental disorders examined	Depression (including major depressive disorder, dysthymia) Bipolar disorder Anxiety ADHD Mental disorders/multiple mental disorders	Depression (including major depressive disorder) Bipolar disorder Anxiety/anxiety disorders (e.g., panic disorder) ADHD Binge-eating disorder Mental disorders/multiple mental disorder (including poor mental health)
Workplace outcomes examined	Absenteeism Presenteeism Productivity Work loss Short-term disability Functional disability/status Workers compensation	Absenteeism Presenteeism Productivity Employment/labour force participation Short-term disability Long-term disability Activity impairment Number of weeks worked Workplace accidents-injuries
Methods	Regression analysis Other statistical analyses (e.g., t tests)	Regression analysis Other statistical analyses (e.g., t tests)
Main findings	Most studies found associations between mental health conditions and absenteeism (particularly short-term disability absences). In addition, results show that depression significantly impacts on-the-job productivity, i.e., presenteeism (when presenteeism is measured by a validated questionnaire)	Almost all studies found a positive (and, many times, a strong) association between mental health conditions and absenteeism and/or presenteeism. Nevertheless, there were a few exceptions—one study found that mood disorders were associated with decreased presenteeism (i.e., work performance) but found no significant relationship between mood disorders and absenteeism. Another study found that individuals with binge-eating disorders reported greater levels of presenteeism and lost productivity than those without but found no effect for absenteeism

ADHD attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder