. 2022 Nov 8;16:100499. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100499

Table 2.

Fatty acid composition (mg/100 mg lipid) in total lipid extracted from controls and protease hydrolysed hoki roe homogenate samples.

Protease Level	Control	InC¹	Alcalase			FP-II protease			HT protease			SEM	p value
			1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	4 %		E	%EC	E * EC
C14:0	0.95^A	0.91^A	0.78^BC	0.79^BC	0.54^C	0.77^AB	0.78^AB	0.78^AB	0.87^A	0.99^A	0.84^A	0.05	0.001	0.034	0.011
C14:1	0.08^A	0.07^A	0.06^AB	0.06^AB	0.04^B	0.06^AB	0.06^AB	0.06^AB	0.07^AB	0.08^A	0.05^AB	0.01	0.016	0.053	0.197
C16:0	5.57^A	5.43^A	4.66^BC	4.69^BC	3.31^C	4.78^AB	4.85^AB	4.72^ABC	5.05^A	5.86^A	5.91^A	0.28	0.001	0.006	0.005
C16:1 n7	1.71^A	1.68^A	1.43^B	1.44^B	0.99^C	1.40^B	1.41^B	1.40^B	1.56^AB	1.79^A	1.62^AB	0.08	0.001	0.001	0.001
C17:0	0.09^AB	0.09^AB	0.07^BC	0.08^BC	0.06^C	0.08^ABC	0.08^ABC	0.08^ABC	0.08^AB	0.09^AB	0.10^A	0.01	0.001	0.046	0.029
C17:1n-8	0.23^A	0.23^A	0.18^BC	0.18^BC	0.12^D	0.18^BC	0.18^BC	0.18^BC	0.20^ABC	0.23^A	0.22^A	0.01	0.001	0.044	0.002
C18:0	0.76^ABC	0.74^ABC	0.61^BC	0.63^BC	0.47^C	0.68^ABC	0.70^ABC	0.66^ABC	0.64^ABC	0.79^AB	0.93^A	0.06	0.001	0.343	0.076
C18:1 n9	8.71^AB	9.71^A	7.08^ABC	7.19^ABC	4.87^C	7.02^BC	7.07^BC	7.00^BC	7.77^AB	8.94^AB	9.49^AB	0.50	0.001	0.016	0.009
C18:1 n7	1.24^A	1.12^AB	0.92^BC	0.93^ABC	0.63^C	0.91^BC	0.92^BC	0.90^BC	0.99A^B	1.15^AB	1.22^AB	0.06	0.001	0.034	0.011
C18:2 n6 trans	0.09^A	0.08^AB	0.07^ABC	0.06^BC	0.04^C	0.06^BC	0.07^ABC	0.07^ABC	0.07^ABC	0.08^AB	0.08^AB	0.01	0.001	0.022	0.016
C18:2 n6 cis	0.49^A	0.44^ABC	0.38^BC	0.38^BC	0.26^D	0.37^BCD	0.37^BC	0.35^CD	0.39^ABC	0.46^ABC	0.45A^BC	0.02	0.001	0.004	0.002
C18:3 n6	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.061	0.036	0.060
C18:3n-3	0.21^A	0.20^A	0.17^BCD	0.17^BCD	0.12^D	0.17^BCD	0.17^BCD	0.16^CD	0.18^ABC	0.21^A	0.20^A	0.01	0.001	0.004	0.009
C20:1n-11	0.24	0.23	0.20	0.20	0.14	0.19	0.19	0.17	0.21	0.24	0.21	0.05	0.063	0.347	0.157
C20:2 n6	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.074	0.334	0.241
C21:0	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.06	0.084	0.591	0.028
C20:3n-3	0.30^A	0.29^AB	0.25^ABC	0.25^ABC	0.18^C	0.25^ABC	0.26^ABC	0.21^BC	0.24^ABC	0.29^AB	0.31^A	0.02	0.001	0.127	0.024
C20:4 n6	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.06	0.101	0.210	0.004
C22:0	0.55^A	0.48^ABC	0.41^BCD	0.41^BCD	0.29^E	0.39^CDE	0.40^CDE	0.36^DE	0.43^BCD	0.50^ABC	0.49^ABC	0.02	0.001	0.004	0.002
C22:1 n9	0.15^AB	0.13^AB	0.11^AB	0.12^AB	0.07^B	0.11^AB	0.11^AB	0.11^AB	0.13^AB	0.15^AB	0.19^A	0.02	0.017	0.566	0.480
C20:5n-3 [EPA]	2.63^A	2.38^AB	2.04^ABC	2.02^ABC	1.46^C	1.97^ABC	2.05^ABC	1.75^BC	2.05^ABC	2.40^AB	2.35^AB	0.13	0.001	0.032	0.058
C23:0	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.09	0.13	0.101	0.086	0.001
C24:1n-9	0.05^B	0.05^B	0.04^B	0.04^B	ND	0.04^B	0.04^B	0.04^B	0.04^B	0.05B	0.09^A	0.01	0.150	0.573	0.210
C22:5n-3 [DPA]	0.60^A	0.52^ABC	0.44^BCDE	0.45^BCDE	0.31^E	0.43^CDE	0.44^BCDE	0.39^DE	0.47^ABCD	0.54^ABC	0.58^AB	0.03	0.001	0.027	0.003
C22:6n-3 [DHA]	7.01^A	6.17^AB	5.45^ABCD	5.22^ABCD	3.85^D	5.10^BCD	5.29^ABCD	4.31^CD	5.74^ABC	6.54^AB	7.01^A	0.33	0.001	0.042	0.004
Unknown	2.83^A	2.24^AB	1.89^ABCD	1.74^BCD	1.30^D	1.78^BCD	1.86^ABCD	1.75^BCD	2.26^AB	1.97^ABCD	2.14^AB	0.19	0.001	0.057	0.001
Total	36.8^A	32.1^ABC	27.6^BC	27.4^BCD	19.3^D	27.1^BCD	27.6^BC	25.8^CD	29.8^ABC	33.8^ABC	34.9^AB	1.58	0.001	0.009	0.002
SFA	8.04^A	7.81^A	6.68^AB	6.74^AB	4.76^B	6.84^AB	6.94^AB	6.73A^B	7.22^A	8.40^A	8.45^A	0.42	0.001	0.047	0.001
MUFA	12.3^A	11.7^A	10.1^AB	10.2^AB	6.86^C	9.89^B	9.98^B	9.87^B	11.0^AB	12.7^A	13.1^A	0.71	0.001	0.038	0.011
PUFA	10.7^A	10.3^A	8.98^AB	8.75A^B	6.35^C	8.54^AB	8.83^AB	7.43^B	9.36^AB	10.6^A	11.2^A	0.56	0.001	0.047	0.035
Total n-3	9.91^AB	9.61^AB	8.38^ABC	8.15^ABC	5.95^D	7.95^BC	8.24^ABC	6.86^CD	8.72^ABC	10.0^A	10.5^A	0.52	0.001	0.027	0.028
Total n-6	0.78^A	0.75^A	0.63^B	0.64^B	0.43^C	0.62^B	0.63^B	0.60^B	0.68^AB	0.78^A	0.77^A	0.04	0.001	0.013	0.017
n6/n-3	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.074	0.514	0.514

Abbreviations: Inc, incubated control (incubated hoki roe at 45 °C without protease preparation); E = protease; C = Protease concentration; ND = not detected; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA = docosapentaenoic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; SFA = total saturated fatty acids; MUFA = total monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA = total polyunsaturated fatty acids; SEM = Standard error mean; E = effect of protease; EC = effect of protease; E*EC = interaction effect. Each value represents the mean of triplicate samples. Different superscript letters (A–E) in the same row indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05). The lipid was extracted from freeze dried hoki roe (20 g roe wet weight equivalent), which was hydrolysed with different amount of protease preparations (Alcalase: 200, 400, or 800 µL; HT: 200, 400, or 800 mg and FP-II: 200, 400, or 800 mg), corresponding to 1 %, 2 % and 4 %, respectively.