Table 5.
Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma among individuals discontinuing proton-pump inhibitors compared to individuals remaining on proton-pump inhibitors (reference group)
| Discontinuing PPI therapy | Remaining on PPI therapy | Incidence rate ratio (95% CI)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person-years at risk | Events (n) | Incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) | Person-years at risk | Events (n) | Incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) | ||
| Overall | 1,602,711 | 72 | 4.49 | 2,608,353 | 116 | 4.45 | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) |
| Age (in years) | |||||||
| ≤ 56 | 548,664 | 5 | 0.91 | 699,145 | 17 | 2.43 | 0.38 (0.14–1.04) |
| 57–66 | 450,361 | 32 | 7.11 | 764,494 | 32 | 4.19 | 1.73 (1.06–2.83) |
| 67–76 | 358,662 | 21 | 5.86 | 660,068 | 40 | 6.06 | 0.97 (0.57–1.65) |
| ≥ 77 | 245,024 | 14 | 5.71 | 484,645 | 27 | 5.57 | 1.06 (0.56–2.02) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 674,576 | 43 | 6.37 | 1,065,170 | 64 | 6.01 | 1.17 (0.79–1.72) |
| Female | 928,135 | 29 | 3.12 | 1,543,183 | 52 | 3.37 | 1.02 (0.65–1.60) |
| Follow-up (in years) | |||||||
| 1–3 | 472,353 | 16 | 3.39 | 858,515 | 33 | 3.84 | 1.00 (0.55–1.83) |
| 3–5 | 419,317 | 22 | 5.25 | 640,655 | 29 | 4.53 | 1.30 (0.75–2.27) |
| > 5 | 711,040 | 34 | 4.78 | 1,109,183 | 54 | 4.87 | 1.04 (0.67–1.59) |
aAdjusted for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, NSAID/aspirin use and statin use