Table 3.

Mobility, mask mandates, cases and deaths: compliance.

	Visits	Home Time	PlaceIQ	Cuebiq		Visits	Home Time	PlaceIQ	Cuebiq
	Cases					Deaths
Lag Mobility	0.15	–0.20***	0.06	0.14***		0.13	–0.16***	0.01	−0.00
	(0.09)	(0.08)	(0.04)	(0.05)		(0.09)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.06)
Mask Mandate	–0.05*	–0.05*	–0.07**	–0.06*		−0.06	–0.06	–0.08*	–0.08*
	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.03)		(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.04)
Mask Mandate $\times$ Compliance	−0.02	–0.03	−0.04	–0.08**		–0.17***	–0.17***	–0.19***	–0.20***
	(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)		(0.04)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.03)
Adj. R-squared.	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.76		0.59	0.60	0.59	0.61
Obs	12 110	12 110	12 110	11 637		11 046	11 046	11 046	10 759
State FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Date FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pop. weights	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Notes: Estimation equation (4): $ln\left[ln\left(Y_{it}\right)-ln\left(Y_{i,t-7}\right)\right]={\alpha }_i+{\tau }_t+\beta \text{L}x.{\overline{M}}_{it}+\eta \text{L}x.{\overline{F}}_{it}+\lambda \text{L}x.{\overline{F}}_{it}\times C_i+\rho \text{L}x.{\overline{X}}_{it}+\gamma \text{L}7.ln\left[ln\left(Y_{it}\right)-ln\left(Y_{i,t-7}\right)\right]+{\varepsilon }_{it},$ where $Y_{it}$ denotes Covid-19 cases/deaths in state $i$ at date $t$, measured in days. ${\alpha }_i$ and ${\tau }_t$ denote state fixed effects and time fixed effects, respectively. ${\overline{M}}_{it}$ denotes mobility, and $\text{L}$ is the lag operator. The mobility measures for the case (death) regressions are averaged over 21 (35) days and lagged 7 (14) days. All mobility measures are standardized for easier interpretation of the coefficients. ${\overline{F}}_{it}$ measures whether a face mask mandate is in place during the time period when mobility is measured. The timing of the mask mandate as well as that of the temperature and the local mobility restrictions controls in ${\overline{X}}_{it}$ match the corresponding mobility averaging and lag structure. $C_i$ denotes mask wearing compliance as measured in the survey data described in Appendix A. Regressions are weighted by state population and use Driscoll–Kraay standard errors. The sample includes all available observations between March 15, 2020 and November 15, 2020. Not all control variables are reported in the table.