Table 1. Correlations with smoking prevalence and symptom prevalence: The National Nutrition Survey in Japan (from 1986 through 1995) and the National Life-style Survey in Japan (1995).

Symptom	male (n=46)	female (n=46)	female (n=43)a
nasal obstruction	0.052	0.355 *	0.214
nasal discharge	-0.031	0.344 *	0.164
sore throat	0.025	0.481 **	0.298 *
cough	0.216	0.350 *	0.160
sputum	0.014	0.594 **	0.414 **
wheezing	-0.301 *	0.451 **	0.334 *
palpitation	0.073	0.363 *	0.159
dyspnea	0.018	0.587 **	0.362 *
frontal chest pain	-0.089	0.472 **	0.319 *

* : p < 0.05 ** : p < 0.01

a: without Tokyo, Osaka, and Hokkaido