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. 2022 Nov 14;13(11):956. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05419-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Genomic structure of the GALNT14 locus. Black vertical lines indicate predicted translatable regions, while gray lines indicate non-coding regions. B Kaplan–Meier analysis of postoperative outcomes in patients with HCC stratified according to rs9679162 genotypes. P values were obtained by log-rank test. C Representative images of western blots of patient samples. N noncancerous part, C cancerous part. The anti-GALNT14 reactive bands migrating between 62-65 kD were verified to be GALNT14-derived protein species by mass spectrometry. However, the band migrating below 62 kD, marked by “*”, was not GALNT14-related. D Representative IHC images obtained from patients with HCC are shown. Statistical comparison of GALNT14 protein (E) and mRNA (F) levels between noncancerous (N) and cancerous (C) tissues. P values were calculated by paired two-tailed student’s t test. Cancerous/noncancerous (C/N) ratios of GALNT14 in protein (G) and mRNA (H) levels were compared between rs9679162-TT and non-TT (GT or GG) genotypes. P values were calculated by the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. I Kaplan–Meier analysis of overall (left), recurrence-free (middle), and metastasis-free (right) survival, stratified by the cancerous/noncancerous (C/N) ratio of GALNT14. P values were calculated by log-rank test. J Schematic representation of alternative splicing occurring on designated exons, with exon-6 deleted in the short form GALNT14 mRNA (a novel variant). Agarose gel images show the presence of long (NM_024572, with product size 317 bp) and short (product size 147 bp) forms of GALNT14 mRNA in HCC tissues. K Comparison of the proportion of patients carrying the long and short forms of GALNT14 mRNA between the TT and non-TT (GG or GT) genotypes. Comparisons were made within the noncancerous (N) and cancerous (C) groups, respectively. P values were calculated by Fisher’s exact test. L Comparison of GALNT14 cancerous/noncancerous (C/N) ratios between patients positive and negative for the long or short form of GALNT14 mRNAs. Again, comparisons were made between the noncancerous (N) and cancerous (C) groups. P values were calculated by the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test.