Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Nov 14;13:6754. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34095-x

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a Schematic showing how mannoheptulose (MH) inhibits glucose metabolism. b, c Insulin secretion (b) and insulin content (c) in LG-cells and HG-cells cultured for 48 h ± 10 mM mannoheptulose (MANNO) and then stimulated with 2 mM or 20 mM glucose. Mannoheptulose was omitted during the assay (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). d Oxygen-consumption rate (OCR) in LG-cells and HG-cells cultured for 48 h ± 10 mM MANNO. OCR was recorded at 2 mM glucose and after sequential addition of 20 mM glucose (20 G), 1 μM oligomycin (Oligo) and 0.5 μM rotenone + 0.5 μM antimycin A (Rot + Ant). Data are expressed as the percentage change from baseline (2 mM glucose); n = 10 biologically independent experiments per group. e Percentage change in OCR when glucose was raised from 2 to 20 mM (20 G), ATP-linked OCR (Oligo), OCR required to maintain the mitochondrial leak (Rot + Ant) and non-mitochondrial OCR (non-mito); n = 10 biologically independent experiments per group. Same data as in (d). f, g mRNA levels of the indicated genes involved in glycolytic (f) and mitochondrial (g) metabolism as assessed by qPCR in LG-cells and HG-cells cultured for 48 h ± 10 mM mannoheptulose (Pdk1, Idh2 and Ndufs8, n = 6 biologically independent experiments; Ndufa4, n = 4 biologically independent experiments; Pfkl, Pfkfb3, Eno1, Sdha and Mdh2, n = 3 biologically independent experiments; Aldob, n = 6 biologically independent experiments for LG and HG but n = 5 for LG + MANNO and HG + MANNO; Ndufs8, n = 6 biologically independent experiments for LG but n = 3 for LG + MANNO, HG and HG + MANNO). All panels show individual data points and mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. LG-cells (black), HG-cells (red), LG-cells + mannoheptulose (blue), HG-cells + mannoheptulose (orange). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.