Table 1.
Weighted characteristics of 16,881 participants by suicidal ideation and depression, NHANES 2005–2018.
| Variable | Weighted participants (%) | Suicide ideation | p-valuesa | Depression | p-valuesa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | ||||
| All | 100 | 2.7 | 97.3 | 6.3 | 93.7 | ||
| Protein pump inhibitor | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 16.8 | 4.2 | 95.8 | 13.4 | 86.6 | ||
| No | 83.6 | 2.4 | 97.6 | 4.9 | 95.1 | ||
| Education | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Beyond high school | 58.6 | 2.0 | 98.0 | 4.7 | 95.3 | ||
| High school or below | 41.4 | 3.6 | 96.4 | 8.6 | 91.4 | ||
| Gender | 0.0330 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 54.5 | 2.4 | 97.6 | 4.5 | 95.5 | ||
| Female | 45.5 | 3.0 | 97.0 | 8.4 | 91.6 | ||
| Age | 0.4950 | 0.2355 | |||||
| 20–29 | 25.9 | 2.7 | 97.3 | 5.8 | 94.2 | ||
| 30–39 | 22.7 | 2.3 | 97.7 | 5.7 | 94.3 | ||
| 40–49 | 19.9 | 2.9 | 97.1 | 6.5 | 93.5 | ||
| 50–59 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 96.8 | 7.2 | 92.8 | ||
| ≥ 60 | 15.8 | 2.5 | 97.5 | 6.8 | 93.2 | ||
| Race | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Hispanic | 6.8 | 5.1 | 94.9 | 9.1 | 90.9 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 61.4 | 2.2 | 97.8 | 5.7 | 94.3 | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 12.0 | 3.0 | 97.0 | 8.3 | 91.7 | ||
| Other | 19.8 | 3.4 | 96.6 | 5.8 | 94.2 | ||
| Marital status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Married | 52.7 | 1.5 | 98.5 | 3.8 | 96.2 | ||
| Widowed or separated | 14.9 | 4.9 | 95.1 | 12.5 | 87.5 | ||
| Never married | 32.4 | 3.6 | 96.4 | 7.5 | 92.5 | ||
| Number of people in household | 0.1450 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Living alone | 10.2 | 3.5 | 96.5 | 9.4 | 90.6 | ||
| 2–4 | 68.1 | 2.5 | 97.5 | 5.6 | 94.4 | ||
| ≥ 5 | 21.7 | 2.8 | 97.2 | 7.1 | 92.9 | ||
| Poverty income ratio | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 2 | 15.3 | 5.2 | 94.8 | 13.0 | 87.0 | ||
| 2–4 | 34.6 | 3.5 | 96.5 | 7.7 | 92.3 | ||
| > 4 | 43.0 | 1.2 | 98.8 | 2.8 | 97.2 | ||
| Missing data | 7.1 | 2.6 | 97.4 | 6.5 | 93.5 | ||
| BMI | 0.0200 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Underweight | 1.7 | 1.4 | 98.6 | 6.2 | 93.8 | ||
| Normal or healthy weight | 30.4 | 2.5 | 97.5 | 5.6 | 94.4 | ||
| Overweight | 34.1 | 2.4 | 97.6 | 5.4 | 94.6 | ||
| Obese | 33.8 | 3.3 | 96.7 | 7.9 | 92.1 | ||
| Smoking | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Current smoker | 22.5 | 4.6 | 95.4 | 12.0 | 88.0 | ||
| Previous smoker | 20.9 | 1.7 | 98.3 | 5.0 | 95.0 | ||
| Never smoker | 56.6 | 2.3 | 97.7 | 4.5 | 95.5 | ||
| History of cancer | 0.5334 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 8.8 | 28.3 | 71.7 | 9.6 | 90.4 | ||
| No | 91.2 | 0.2 | 99.8 | 6.1 | 93.9 | ||
| Number of comorbiditiesb | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 95.6 | 2.6 | 97.4 | 5.8 | 94.2 | ||
| 1 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 95.6 | 17.7 | 82.3 | ||
| 2 | 1.0 | 7.7 | 92.3 | 18.2 | 81.8 | ||
| > 3 | 0.9 | 6.1 | 93.9 | 17.8 | 82.2 | ||
| Diabetes | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 4.3 | 5.8 | 94.2 | 19.2 | 80.8 | ||
| No | 95.7 | 2.6 | 97.4 | 5.7 | 94.3 | ||
aRao–Scott χ2 statistics.
bComorbidities included angina, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke.