Table 2.

Direct costs associated with diabetes-related complications

Event	Costs, GBP	References
Myocardial infarction, year of event	7261	[22]
Myocardial infarction, subsequent years	1313	[22]
Angina, each year	3548	[23]
Congestive heart failure, year of onset	1172	[22]
Congestive heart failure, subsequent year	3602	[22]
Stroke, year of event	1677	[22]
Stroke, subsequent years	1280	[22]
Stroke death within 30 days	4500	[22]
Peripheral vascular disease, year of onset	2036	[23]
Hemodialysis, each year	44,999	[23]
Peritoneal dialysis, year of onset	24,747	[23]
Renal transplant, year of event	26,591	[23]
Renal transplant, subsequent years	8642	[23]
Laser treatment	151	[24]
Severe vision loss/blindness, year of onset	6904	[25]
Cataract extraction	2849	[23]
Cataract treatment, subsequent year	482	[23]
Neuropathy, each year	381	[26]
Standard uninfected ulcer	920	[27, 28]
Infected foot ulcer	3051	[29]
Gangrene treatment	6098	[29]
Healed ulcer with/without history of amputation	296	[29]
Amputation, year of event	5547	[23]
Amputation, prosthesis	2106	[23]
Severe hypoglycemic event requiring medical assistance	1544	[30]
Severe hyperglycemia (DKA)	2239	[31]
Aspirin, annual cost	11.74	[32]
Statins (20 mg), annual cost	12.17	[33]
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril 5 mg), annual cost	14.73	[34]
Screening for retinopathy	31.98	[35]
Screening for microalbuminuria	16.00	[36, 37]
Screening for gross proteinuria	15.94	[36, 38]

DKA diabetic ketoacidosis, GBP Great British pounds

Cost were inflated to 2021 GBP using the UK consumer price index [39]