Table 2.

Baseline characteristics between the groups with and without diabetes

Characteristic	Group with diabetes	Group without diabetes	P value
	n = 128	n = 138
Age (years) mean ± SD	86.6 ± 5.0	86.5 ± 6.3	0.882
Age (years), n (%)
65–70	2 (1.6)	4 (2.9)	0.463
70–75	3 (2.3)	7 (5.1)	0.242
75–80	9 (7.0)	10 (7.4)	0.946
≥ 80	114 (89.1)	117 (84.8)	0.302
Comorbidity
Hypertension, n (%)	111 (86.7)	100 (72.5)	0.004*
CHD, n (%)	112 (87.6)	109 (79.0)	0.064
Tumor, n (%)	76 (59.4)	84 (60.9)	0.804
COPD, n (%)	82 (64.1)	87 (63.0)	0.863
Stroke, n (%)	72 (56.3)	68 (49.3)	0.255
AKI frequency, n (%)	402	310
AKI stage, n (%)
1	373 (92.8)	269 (86.8)	0.035*
2	29 (7.2)	36 (11.6)	0.038*
3	5 (1.2)	5 (1.6)	0.664
Etiologies of AKI, n (%)
Infections	174 (43.3)	103 (33.2)	0.006*
Pulmonary infection	145 (83.3)	70 (68.0)	0.003*
Skin and soft tissue infection	12 (6.9)	9 (8.7)	0.576
Gastrointestinal infection	4 (2.3)	7 (6.8)	0.064
Urinary infection	9 (5.2)	10 (9.7)	0.149
Others	4 (2.3)	7 (6.8)	0.064
Hypovolemia, n (%)	86 (21.4)	75 (24.2)	0.376
Medications, n (%)	42 (10.5)	46 (14.9)	0.078
Antibiotic	36 (85.7)	30 (65.2)	0.046*
NSAID	3 (7.1)	7 (15.2)	0.233
Diuretic	2 (4.8)	5 (10.9)	0.290
Others	1 (2.4)	4 (8.7)	0.201
ACCE, n (%)	34 (8.5)	27 (8.7)	0.905
Others, n (%)	34 (16.4)	34 (19.0)	0.259
Recurrent AKI, n (%)	103 (80.5)	92 (66.7)	0.011*
Recurrent AKI frequency, n (%)
1	32 (31.1)	40 (43.5)	0.073
2	25 (24.3)	25 (27.2)	0.064
≥ 3	46 (44.7)	27 (29.4)	0.027*

Data presented are n (%) or means ± SD

*P < 0.05, statistical significance

CHD coronary heart disease, ACCE acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs