Skip to main content
. 2022 Nov 1;12:1002230. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1002230

Figure 1.

Figure 1

SLS-mediated keratinocyte cytotoxicity involves proteins that are associated with ion transport. (A) Chemical structure of the stilbene disulfonate DIDS. (B) Keratinocytes were pretreated for 1 hour with 100 µM DIDS, and then were infected with GAS at MOI 10 for 6 hours. Percent cytotoxicity was determined post-infection using an ethidium homodimer assay. DMSO was used as a vehicle control for all infections. Data are presented as mean ± sd, with n = 3 for each condition. (C) Band 3 and NBCn1 have a similar region near their C-termini. A protein BLAST was used to identify proteins with similar sequences to the synthetic peptide used by Higashi et al. to inhibit SLS-dependent hemolysis (Higashi et al., 2016). NBCn1 was found to exhibit a high degree of similarity in the region spanned by this peptide. A selection of the alignment between Band 3 (AE1) from Ovis aries (NCBI Reference Sequence XP_004013030.3) and human NBCn1 (GenBank ACH61959.1) is shown. The red box denotes the AE1 sequence used to generate the synthetic peptide used as a query. **** = P < 0.0001, n.s. = not significant.