Table 3.

Subgroup analyses of atrial fibrillation risk among patients with Graves’ disease and controls.

Subgroup	Graves’ disease	n	AF	PYs	IR per 1,000 PYs	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P for interaction
20–39 years	No	162,090	337	1,168,751	0.29	Reference	< 0.01
	Yes	32,418	413	232,145	1.78	5.49 (4.72–6.38)
40–64 years	No	259,835	2,566	1,821,828	1.41	Reference
	Yes	51,967	1,272	361,434	3.52	2.32 (2.17–2.49)
≥65 years	No	48,375	2,306	308,778	7.47	Reference
	Yes	9,675	759	60,607	12.52	1.58 (1.45–1.71)
Male	No	131,905	1,926	916,703	2.10	Reference	0.17
	Yes	26,381	947	181,289	5.22	2.31 (2.14–2.50)
Female	No	338,395	3,283	2,382,654	1.38	Reference
	Yes	67,679	1,497	472,897	3.17	2.14 (2.01–2.28)
No diabetes	No	445,551	4,429	3,137,363	1.41	Reference	< 0.01
	Yes	85,919	2,036	600,705	3.39	2.30 (2.19–2.43)
Diabetes	No	24,749	780	161,994	4.81	Reference
	Yes	8,141	408	53,481	7.63	1.73 (1.54–1.95)
No hypertension	No	397,236	2,746	2,811,075	0.98	Reference	< 0.01
	Yes	68,455	1,217	480,464	2.53	2.71 (2.53–2.90)
Hypertension	No	73,064	2,463	488,283	5.04	Reference
	Yes	25,605	1,227	173,722	7.06	1.77 (1.66–1.90)
No dyslipidemia	No	428,012	4,063	3,021,026	1.34	Reference	< 0.01
	Yes	84,016	1,988	588,736	3.38	2.67 (2.24–2.50)
Dyslipidemia	No	42,288	1,146	278,332	4.12	Reference
	Yes	10,044	456	65,450	6.97	1.67 (1.50–1.86)

AF, atrial fibrillation; PYs, person-years; IR, incidence rate.

Hazard ratio was adjusted for household income and comorbidities.