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. 2022 Nov 8;8(11):e11410. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11410

Table 7.

Variations in LHV as a function of 5% binder.

Proportion of binders/biomass LHV of Ecological coal (MJ/kg)
Rice husks Peanut shells Straws
Biomass at 100% 14.540 ± 0.55 26.280 ± 0.550 22.250 ± 0.35
Cow dung at 5% 14.655 ± 0.106 25.721 ± 0.131 21.235 ± 0.12
Gum arabic at 5% 14.603 ± 0.111 25.757 ± 0.030 21.889 ± 0.023
Black clay at 5% 13.811 ± 0.140 24.866 ± 0.103 21.165 ± 0.33
Starch of cassava flour at 5% 14.654 ± 0.171 25.567 ± 0.220 22.091 ± 0.05
Bark of G. bicolor at 5% 14.514 ± 0.102 25.654 ± 0.114 21.876 ± 0.51