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. 2022 Nov 8;8(11):e11410. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11410

Table 8.

Variations in LHV as a function of 10% binder.

Proportion of binder/biomass LHV of Ecological coal (MJ/kg)
Rice husks Peanut shells Straws
Biomass at 100% 14.540 ± 0.550 26.280 ± 0.550 22.25 ± 0.35
Cow dung at 10% 14.772 ± 0.113 21.839 ± 0.116 21.722 ± 0.23
Gum arabic at 10% 14.671 ± 0.110 21.110 ± 0.420 21.611 ± 0.12
Black clay at 10% 13.064 ± 0.107 22.231 ± 0.267 20.023 ± 0.21
Starch of cassava flour at 10% 14.991 ± 0.073 24.818 ± 0.312 21.921 ± 0.11
Bark of G. bicolor at 10% 14.408 ± 0.182 24.247 ± 0.046 21.415 ± 0.12