Table 1.
Demographic and occupational characteristics of HCWs at T1 (n = 2,110) and T2 (n = 4,240).
| Percentages in T1 * | Percentages in T2 * | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total (n = 2110) | Highly stressed (n = 1136) | Not-highly stressed (n = 974) | χ2 | p | Total (n = 4240) | Highly stressed (n = 2610) | Not-highly stressed (n = 1630) | χ2 | p |
| Female | 73.5; 100 |
77.2; 56.6 |
69.1; 43.4 |
17.7 | < 0.001 | 77.8; 100 |
80.0; 63.4 |
74.3; 36.6 |
18.9 | < 0.001 |
| Age groups | 22.7 | < 0.001 | 53.3 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| < 26 years old | 12.3; 100 |
15.0; 65.41 |
9.2; 34.6 |
13.0; 100 |
15.0; 71.11 |
9.8; 28.9 |
||||
| 26–35 years old | 22.5; 100 |
23.9; 57.31, 2 |
20.8; 42.7 |
27.9; 100 |
29.8; 65.71, 2 |
24.9; 34.3 |
||||
| 36–45 years old | 21.9; 100 |
20.8; 51.12 |
23.2; 48.9 |
21.7; 100 |
21.2; 60.22, 3 |
22.5; 39.8 |
||||
| 46–55 years old | 26.0; 100 |
24.5; 50.62 |
27.8; 49.4 |
22.7; 100 |
21.0; 56.83 |
25.5; 43.2 |
||||
| >56 years old | 17.3; 100 |
15.8; 49.52 |
18.9; 50.5 |
14.6; 100 |
13.0; 54.53 |
17.3; 45.5 |
||||
| Position | 17.4 | 0.002 | 11.6 | 0.021 | ||||||
| Doctor | 19.4; 100 |
16.3; 45.22 |
23.0; 54.8 |
19.3; 100 |
18.1; 57.82 |
21.2; 42.2 |
||||
| Nurse | 31.9; 100 |
33.5; 56.51 |
30.1; 43.5 |
37.9; 100 |
39.7; 64.41 |
35.0; 35.6 |
||||
| Technician | 10.6; 100 |
11.6; 58.91 |
9.4; 41.1 |
9.1; 100 |
9.2; 61.81, 2 |
9.1; 38.2 |
||||
| Administration | 18.5; 100 |
19.3; 56.21 |
17.5; 43.8 |
15.8; 100 |
15.6; 60.91, 2 |
16.1; 39.1 |
||||
| Others | 19.6; 100 |
19.3; 53.01, 2 |
19.9; 47.0 |
17.9; 100 |
17.4; 60.01, 2 |
18.6; 40.0 |
||||
| Job experience | 20.1 | < 0.001 | 24.1 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| < 3 years | 17.4; 100 |
20.3; 62.81 |
14.1; 37.2 |
18.2; 100 |
19.8; 67.31 |
15.5; 32.7 |
||||
| 3–6 years | 11.4; 100 |
12.5; 59.21 |
10.1; 40.8 |
14.8; 100 |
15.9; 66.11 |
13.1; 33.9 |
||||
| >6 years | 71.2; 100 |
67.2; 50. 82 |
75.9; 49.2 |
67.0; 100 |
64.2; 59.02 |
71.5; 41.0 |
||||
| Center | 45.4 | < 0.001 | 137.7 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Andorra | 11.7; 100 |
10.6; 48.83, 4 |
12.9; 51.2 |
7.5; 100 |
4.9; 39.93 |
11.7; 60.1 |
||||
| Barcelona/Dexeus/Val d'Hebron (only T2) | 5.5; 100 |
3.7; 36.24 |
7.6; 63.8 |
31.3; 100 |
28.0; 55.12 |
36.6; 44.9 |
||||
| Chieti | 6.4; 100 |
8.3; 69.11 |
4.3; 30.9 |
2.1; 100 |
2.6; 76.71 |
1.3; 23.3 |
||||
| Cluj | 2.5; 100 |
2.4; 50.91, 2, 3, 4 |
2.7; 49.1 |
0.6; 100 |
0.6; 60.01, 2, 3 |
0.6; 40.0 |
||||
| Ireland | 5.3; 100 |
6.4; 65.81, 2, 3 |
3.9; 34.2 |
3.3; 100 |
3.4; 63.81, 2 |
3.1; 36.2 |
||||
| Nuremberg | 63.4; 100 |
62.1; 52.72, 3 |
64.9; 47.3 |
27.0; 100 |
28.7; 65.41 |
24.3; 34.6 |
||||
| Tehran | 5.3; 100 |
6.6; 67.61, 2 |
3.7; 32.4 |
2.9; 100 |
3.1; 65.31, 2 |
2.6; 34.7 |
||||
| Wroclaw (only T2) | - | 12.3; 100 |
14.5; 72.41 |
8.8; 27.6 |
||||||
| Beijing/Mianyang (both only T2) | - | 12.9; 100 |
14.2; 67.51 |
10.9; 32.5 |
||||||
| Positive history of mental illnesses | 17.4; 100 |
19.8; 61.0 |
14.6; 39.0 |
9.2 | 0.002 | 19.2; 100 |
21.5; 68.9 |
15.5; 31.1 |
23.1 | < 0.001 |
*
To make the comparisons between two subgroups clear, the column percentages are presented in the first line, and then row percentages are presented in the second line. The Bonferroni method was adopted for multiple comparisons: Values with 1 were significantly higher than values with 2, 3 and 4, and only values with different superscripts were significantly different from each other. P values in bold type indicate significant differences.