Table 4.

Biological compounds with potential anticancer activity present in the latex of Euphorbiaceae family representatives.

Plant species	Compounds present in the latex		Reference
	Low molecular weight molecules	Proteins
Croton celtidifolius	Phenolic compounds		(Biscaro et al., 2013)
Euphorbiaceae tirucalli	Flavonoids (kaempferol and quercetine) Polyphenols (gallic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid) Sterols Terpenes (taraxasterol, tirucallol, tigliane, ingenol, ingenane euphol and alpha-euphorbol)		(Newbold and Spring, 1944; Cataluna and Rates, 1997; Khaleghian et al., 2010; Waczuk et al., 2015)
Euphorbia arabica; Euphorbia bupleurifolia; Euphorbia enopla; Euphorbiagorgonis	Flavonoids Glycosides Phytosterols Triterpenoids		(Tebogo Michael Mampa et al., 2020)
Euphorbia horrida indigeneous; Euphorbia horrida var.	Flavonoids Glycosides Pentoses Phytosterols Polyphenols (tannins) Quinones (anthraquinones) Triterpenoids Saponins		(Tebogo Michael Mampa et al., 2020)
Euphorbia neriifolia	Phenols Amines Terpenoids (euphol)		(Upadhyaya et al., 2017)
Euphorbia trigona		Lectins	(Goldstein et al., 1980)
Euphorbia umbellata	Aliphatic compounds (oxygenated steroids) Terpenoids (euphol, lanosterol, tirucallol, cycloartenol, lupeol, taraxasterol, esters of phorbol)		(Cruz et al., 2020)
Euphorbia heliscopia L.	Flavonoids Flavonoids (quercetin) Terpenoids		(Wang et al., 2012)
Jatropha curcas	Coumarins Lignanes Phenolic compounds Phytosterols Saponins Tannins Terpenoids (curusone B, C, D and E, spirocurcasone, acetoxyjatropholonejatropholone, multidione, 4E-jatrogrossidentadion)	Curcin	(Naengchomnong et al., 1986; Gübitz et al., 1999; Lin et al., 2003; Muangman et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2009; Aiyelaagbe et al., 2011; Ahmed et al., 2020)