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. 2022 Nov 1;10:1048148. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048148

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhang, Chan, Ma, Lu, Yu, Zhang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rapid renal filtration and elimination of aptamer due to short half-life. Note: MW_a is short for the molecular weight of the above mentioned unmodified aptamer; TV_r is short for the cut-off threshold value of the renal filtration.