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. 2022 Aug 19;81(12):1669–1677. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-222871

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Potential pathogenesis across successive RA stages from multiomics perspective. (A) Potential mechanisms by which gut microbial dysbiosis play roles in RA pathogenesis through hurting hone tissue and increasing inflammation. The driving species, microbial dysfunction and related metabolites were extracted from figure 1B. The red or blue box of metabolites represents their speculated elevation or depletion according to the KEGG map. The dotted line represents the speculated effects of microbial and metabolic variation on arthritis pathogenesis. (B) The most representative effects of microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disorders on RA progression across successive stages. KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.