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. 2022 Aug 3;81(12):1730–1741. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-222451

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Before therapy begins, patients who later on develop ICI-induced irAE have a different gene expression than those who remain irAE-free. Volcano plots and pathway enrichment plots showing the gene-expression differences before ICI-therapy. (A) Total ICI-treated patients. Those who developed arthritis irAE (n=21) versus those who remained irAE-free (n=135). (B) Patients treated only with anti-PD-1 ICI. Those who developed arthritis irAE (n=7) versus those who remained irAE-free (n=73). (C) ICI-treated irAE patients who developed severe arthritis (grade 3–4; n=7) versus those who developed mild arthritis (grade 1–2; n=14). Horizontal dotted line represents p<0.05; horizontal dashed line represents adjusted p<0.05. ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAE, immune-related adverse event.