Table 1.

Comparison of participants whose families lost or retained wages as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

	Total sample		Lost wages		Retained wages		P-valuea	Missing data
	n = 9720		n = 5805		n = 2123			1792 (18.4%)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)	12.9	0.9	12.8	0.9	12.9	0.9	<0.001
Parent education (years)	16.7	2.5	16.4	2.6	17.6	2.0	<0.001
Financial stress (mean score)	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.5	<0.001	966 (9.9%)
Family social isolation (mean score)	5.9	3.0	6.2	2.9	5.8	2.7	<0.001
Depressive symptoms (mean score)	15.1	6.3	15.3	6.4	14.8	5.9	0.007	1853 (19.1%)
Perceived stress (mean score)	7.6	2.5	7.7	2.5	7.3	2.3	<0.001	3883 (39.9%)

	n	%	n	%	n	%	P-valuea
Sex (female)	4651	47.9%	2727	47.0%	1053	49.6%	0.05
White race	7546	77.6%	4392	75.7%	1805	85.0%	<0.001
Black race	1765	18.2%	1134	19.5%	258	12.2%	<0.001
Hispanic ethnicity	1849	19.3%	1259	22.0%	272	12.9%	<0.001
Below poverty line	1033	12.0%	764	15.2%	83	4.2%	<0.001	1125 (11.6%)
COVID-19 infection (child)	499	8.6%	332	9.1%	124	5.9%	<0.001	3922 (40.3%)
COVID-19 infection (other family member)	1686	19.7%	1154	21.9%	342	16.7%	<0.001	1545 (15.9%)
School closure	8364	99.9%	5088	100.0%	1957	99.8%	0.303	1806 (18.6%)
Any substance use	648	7.5%	407	7.9%	163	8.0%	0.86	1066 (11%)

When compared across sociodemographic factors, family experiences during the pandemic, and mental health, participants whose families lost wages due to the pandemic were significantly different from participants whose families retained wages during the pandemic.

For the purposes of comparison, variables were collapsed temporally across all seven surveys administered as part of the ABCD COVID-19 assessment. Because not every participant completed every survey, there is substantial missing data; missing data greater than 3% is detailed in the rightmost column.

^aFDR corrected P-value.